Community Civics and Rural Life eBook

Table of Contents
Section	Page

Start of eBook	1
THE WANT FOR WEALTH	1
THESE WANTS GIVE PURPOSE TO COMMUNITY LIFE	1
THE PURPOSE OF DEMOCRACY	2
OUR UNALIENABLE RIGHTS	3
READINGS	4
CHAPTER II	4
INTERDEPENDENCE AN IMPORTANT FACT	4
INDEPENDENCE OF THE PIONEER	5
THE PRICE OF INDEPENDENCE	6
THE GROWTH OF INTERDEPENDENCE	6
THE DEPENDENCE ON OTHERS OF THE MODERN FARMER	6
THE VALUE OF SELF-RELIANCE	7
WHO MAKES OUR SHOES	7
HELD BACK BY NEIGHBORS	7
WHAT GIVES VALUE TO LAND	8
INTERDEPENDENCE IN HEALTH	8
UNEXPECTED RESULTS OF INTERDEPENDENCE	9
CONFLICTS DUE TO INTERDEPENDENCE	9
DANGER OF HASTY JUDGMENTS	10
READINGS	11
CHAPTER III	11
THE NEED FOR TEAMWORK	11
SIMPLE TYPES OF COOPERATION	11
ORGANIZED COOPERATION AND LEADERSHIP	12
VOLUNTARY COOPERATION IN CITIES	13
COOPERATION IN RURAL COMMUNITIES	13
THE FARM BUREAU	14
A CASE OF COUNTY COOPERATION	15
PUBLIC LIBRARY AS AN EXAMPLE	16
NATION-WIDE COOPERATION	16
FARMERS’ ORGANIZATIONS	16
COOPERATION A MATTER OF HABIT	17
READINGS	18
CHAPTER IV	18
GOVERNMENT A MEANS TO SECURE COOPERATION	18
IN EDUCATION	18
IN FIRE PROTECTION	19
IN ROAD BUILDING	19
IN HEALTH PROTECTION	20
IN STATE AND NATIONAL AFFAIRS	20
GOVERNMENT TO HELP AND NOT TO REPRESS	21
LAWS AS SIGNALS OF COOPERATION	21
LAWS AS RULES OF THE GAME	21
LAW GIVES FREEDOM	22
THE ORIGIN OF LAW	22
THE SECOND ELEMENT IN DEMOCRACY: CONTROL BY THE PEOPLE	23
TWO HISTORIC DOCUMENTS	23
DEMOCRACY A GOAL STILL TO BE REACHED	24
READINGS	25
CHAPTER V	25
WHAT MEMBERSHIP MEANS	25
IN THE BODY	25
IN THE COMMUNITY	26
CITIZENSHIP MEANS MEMBERSHIP	26
TRAINED AND UNTRAINED CITIZENS	26
WHO ARE CITIZENS	26
READINGS	27
CHAPTER VI	28
ELEMENTS THAT MAKE A COMMUNITY	28
LARGE AND SMALL COMMUNITIES	28
INTERDEPENDENCE OF RURAL AND CITY COMMUNITIES	28
NEED FOR RURAL AND CITY TEAMWORK	29
SMALL COMMUNITIES UNITE IN LARGE ONES	30
COMMON INTERESTS OF THE LARGER COMMUNITY	30
COMMUNITIES IN THE LARGER COMMUNITIES	31
READINGS	32
CHAPTER VII	32
IMPERFECTIONS OF OUR NATIONAL COMMUNITY	32
LOYALTY TO IDEALS	33
WELDING OF THE NATION BY WAR	33
DIVERSE ELEMENTS IN OUR NATION	34
LOYALTY OF DIVERSE ELEMENTS	34
NATIONAL SAFETY DEPENDS ON HARMONY	34
THE EFFECT OF A COMMON PURPOSE	35
OUR NATIONAL PURPOSE	35
NATIONAL INTERDEPENDENCE	36
NATION-BUILDING IN WAR TIME	37
THE “SUPREME TEST” OF THE NATION	38
THE NATION AS A TEAM	38
CONFUSION WITHOUT ORGANIZATION	39
NATIONAL TEAM WORK THROUGH GOVERNMENT	39
THE SELECTIVE DRAFT AS AN ILLUSTRATION OF TEAM WORK	40
TEAM WORK THROUGH THE FOOD ADMINISTRATION	40
DEMOCRACY A PARTNERSHIP	41
EVERY MAN COUNTS	41
READINGS	42
CHAPTER VIII	42
WHAT THE WAR DISCLOSED WITH REGARD TO A WORLD COMMUNITY	43
AMERICA’S DETACHMENT FROM THE WORLD	43
NATIONS HAVE BECOME CLOSE NEIGHBORS	43
WHAT THE WORLD WAS FIGHTING FOR	44
AMERICA HAS FOUGHT FOR THE FREEDOM OF OTHERS	45
THE GROWTH OF HUMAN SYMPATHY	45
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION	45
SERVICE OF THE RED CROSS	46
THE MOVEMENT FOR WORLD PEACE	46
PAN-AMERICAN UNION	46
INTERNATIONAL GOVERNMENT	47
NATIONALITY AND SOVEREIGNTY	47
A LEAGUE OF NATIONS	47
MIGHT DOES NOT MAKE RIGHT	48
WHAT “AMERICA FIRST” MEANS	48
READINGS	49
CHAPTER IX	50
THE PIONEER FAMILY	50
EFFECT OF COMMUNITY GROWTH	51
DEPENDENCE OF THE CITY HOME	51
THE OBLIGATION OF THE HOME	51
IMPORTANCE OF THE HOME IN RURAL COMMUNITIES	51
LABOR SAVING IN THE HOME	52
EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES IN THE HOME	53
COMMUNITY COOPERATION AND THE HOME	54
GOVERNMENT SERVES THE HOME	54
WHAT ONE GIRL ACCOMPLISHED	55
NATIONAL AID TO THE HOME	55
READINGS	56
CHAPTER X	57
RELATION OF HOME CONDITIONS TO INDUSTRY	57
STRENGTH OF THE NATION DEPENDS ON THE HOME	58
COMMUNITY PLANNING	58
PLANNING THE FARMSTEAD	58
THE HOME AND COMMUNITY STABILITY	59
EFFECTS OF DECLINE OF HOME OWNERSHIP	60
THE TENANT AS A CITIZEN	61
TEAMWORK BETWEEN LANDLORD AND TENANT	61
THE HOME A SCHOOL OF CITIZENSHIP	62
READINGS	63
CHAPTER XI	63
LIVING, NOT EARNING, THE END IN VIEW	63
IMPORTANCE OF VOCATIONAL LIFE	64
DEPENDENCE OF THE PIONEER	65
DEPENDENCE OF THE MODERN FARMER	66
EARNING BY SERVICE	66
LIVING WITHOUT EARNING	67
INHERITED WEALTH	67
UNFAIR COMPENSATION FOR SERVICE	67
GOVERNMENT INTERESTED IN PRODUCTION	68
THE “NATIONAL SERVICE ARMY” OF PRODUCERS	68
PROBLEM OF THE UNEMPLOYED	69
THE RIGHT OF THE COMMUNITY TO INDUSTRY	70
SATISFACTION IN SERVICE	71
IMPORTANCE OF A RIGHT CHOICE	71
A CHOICE OF VOCATION IS INEVITABLE	71
THE MEANING OF OUR WORK TO THE COMMUNITY	72
FREEDOM, EQUALITY AND JUSTICE	72
A DAY OF SPECIALISTS	72
THE NECESSITY FOR TRAINING	73
HASTY ENTRANCE UPON VOCATIONAL LIFE	73
PATRIOTISM IN VOCATIONAL LIFE	73
READINGS	74
CHAPTER XII	74
GAINFUL OCCUPATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES	74
IMPORTANCE OF AGRICULTURE	75
STATE DEPARTMENTS OF AGRICULTURE	75
DUTIES OF STATE DEPARTMENTS OF AGRICULTURE	75
AGRICULTURAL COLLEGES AND EXPERIMENT STATIONS	76
AGRICULTURE A NATIONAL ENTERPRISE	77
EARLY NATIONAL SUPPORT OF AGRICULTURE	77
CREATION OF DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE	78
NATIONAL COOPERATION WITH THE STATES	78
REGULATORY POWERS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE	81
SERVICE OF OTHER DEPARTMENTS OF GOVERNMENT	82
THE QUESTION OF LABOR SUPPLY	83
THE UNITED STATES EMPLOYMENT SERVICE	83
EMPLOYMENT SERVICE IN PEACE TIME	84
NATIONAL VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE	84
GOVERNMENT ALWAYS AT OUR SERVICE	85
READINGS	85
CHAPTER XIII	86
NATIONAL IMPORTANCE OF THRIFT	86
LESSONS OF THE WAR	86
THRIFT AS PATRIOTISM	87
THRIFT A RIGHT AS WELL AS A DUTY	87
THRIFT IN EARNING	88
THRIFT IN SPENDING	88
CHOOSING WHAT TO SPEND	88
TESTS FOR SPENDING	89
THRIFT IN MANAGEMENT	90
THRIFT IN SAVING	91
AMERICAN EXTRAVAGANCE	92
WHAT SMALL SAVINGS WILL DO	92
VALUE OF BY-PRODUCTS	92
WASTEFULNESS IN FARMING	93
THRIFT IN INVESTMENT	94
BORROWING	95
CREDIT	95
COOPERATION FOR CREDIT	96
NATIONAL AID TO THE FARMERS’ CREDIT	96
PARTNERSHIP IN THE NATION’S BUSINESS	97
OPPORTUNITIES FOR INVESTMENT	97
POSTAL SAVINGS SYSTEM	98
LENDING TO THE GOVERNMENT	98
INSURANCE	99
READINGS	99
CHAPTER XIV	100
IMPORTANCE OF GEOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS	101
ESTABLISHING RELATIONS WITH THE LAND	101
AGRICULTURE MEANS A SETTLED LIFE	101
PROTECTING OWNERSHIP OF LAND	102
TRANSFERS OF LAND	102
THE SURVEY OF THE PUBLIC LANDS	102
THE PUBLIC LANDS	104
DISPOSAL OF THE PUBLIC LANDS	104
HOMESTEAD ACTS	105
RECLAMATION OF LANDS BY SOLDIERS	106
LAND SETTLEMENT IN CALIFORNIA	106
THE NATION’S INTERESTS ARE FIRST	107
SAFEGUARDING THE INTERESTS OF INDIVIDUALS	107
ABUSE OF LAND LAWS	108
RAILROAD LANDS	108
LANDS FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS	109
LAND MONOPOLY AND TENANTRY	109
RESPONSIBILITY FOR LAND FRAUDS	109
THE RIGHT OF EMINENT DOMAIN	110
THE POLICE POWER OF THE GOVERNMENT	110
POLITICAL RELATIONS WITH THE LAND	111
READINGS	111
CHAPTER XV	112
RESOURCES OF THE SOIL	112
PRODUCTION IN BUSHELS PER ACRE UNDER CULTIVATION IN 1913	112
WASTEFULNESS OF EARLY FARMING	112
IDLE LANDS	113
RECLAMATION OF ARID LANDS	113
RECLAMATION BY STATES AND PRIVATE ENTERPRISE	114
SWAMP LANDS	115
CONSERVATION OF WATER POWER	116
CONSERVATION OF FLOOD WATERS	116
FUEL RESOURCES	116
DESTRUCTION BY FLOODS	117
THE FOREST RESERVES	117
WORK OF THE FOREST SERVICE	117
WASTE OF TIMBER RESOURCES	118
STATE FORESTS	119
PRIVATELY OWNED TIMBERLANDS	119
VOLUNTARY PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATIONS	120
EROSION	120
MINERAL RESOURCES	120
READINGS	121
CHAPTER XVI	122
DESTRUCTION OF PROPERTY	122
THE NATIONAL LOSS FROM PROPERTY DESTRUCTION	122
THE SERVICE OF GOVERMENT	123
LEADERSHIP AND COOPERATION	123
NATIONAL COOPERATION FOR FLOOD PREVENTION	123
WORK OF THE UNITED STATES WEATHER BUREAU	124
FIRE PROTECTION IN RURAL COMMUNITIES	126
FIRE INSURANCE	126
FARMERS’ COOPERATIVE INSURANCE	126
POLICE PROTECTION	127
RURAL POLICE PROTECTION	127
VANDALISM	128
THE SACREDNESS OF PROPERTY RIGHTS	129
CONSTITUTIONAL GUARANTEES OF PROPERTY RIGHTS	129
OUR NATIONAL ARMY	130
THE SERVICE OF THE COURTS	130
THE RIGHTS OF ACCUSED PERSONS	130
READINGS	131
CHAPTER XVII	131
STUDIES OF THE OFFICE OF PUBLIC ROADS	131
SPOTSYLVANIA COUNTY, VA	132
MOVEMENT FOR ROAD IMPROVEMENT	132
COST MUST BE JUSTIFIED	132
STATE AND LOCAL COOPERATION	132
MONEY FOR REPAIRS	133
EFFECT OF IMPROVEMENTS ON LAND VALUES	133
THE AVERAGE HAUL	133
MONEY VALUE OF GOOD ROADS	134
GOOD ROADS AND COMMUNITY LIFE	134
ROAD MAKING A COOPERATIVE ENTERPRISE	134
ROAD MAKING A JOB FOR EXPERTS	135
VALUE OF COUNTRY ROADS TO CITIES	135
GOOD ROADS NOT MERELY OF LOCAL CONCERN	135
EARLY NATIONAL INTEREST IN ROAD BUILDING	135
POOR ROADS IN THE UNITED STATES	136
STATE CONTROL OF HIGHWAYS	136
RECENT PROGRESS UNDER STATE CONTROL	136
WORK OF THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT FOR ROAD IMPROVEMENT	137
FEDERAL AID ROAD ACT	138
RESPONSIBILITY OF THE STATE	138
RESULTS OF FEDERAL AID	138
THE NATION’S INTEREST IN TRANSPORTATION	139
GOVERNMENT CONTROL OF RAILROADS	139
INTERSTATE COMMERCE	140
GOVERNMENT RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION IN WAR	140
ADVANTAGES OF GOVERNMENT MANAGEMENT	140
WATER TRANSPORTATION	141
EFFECT OF WAR UPON OUR MERCHANT MARINE	141
READINGS	142
CHAPTER XVIII	143
LANGUAGE AS A MEANS OF COMMUNICATION	143
EFFECTS OF ILLITERACY AND INABILITY TO USE ENGLISH	144
THE PRINTING PRESS AND NEWSPAPERS	145
THE RIGHT OF FREE SPEECH	145
PROPAGANDA	146
THE DEVELOMENT OF PUBLIC OPINION	146
THE CONTROL OF FREE SPEECH AND A FREE PRESS	147
POST-OFFICES AND POST-ROADS	147
RURAL MAIL ROUTES	148
SPECIAL SERVICES OF THE POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT	148
TRANSPORTATION OF THE MAILS	149
THE TELEGRAPH	149
THE TELEPHONE	149
READINGS	151
CHAPTER XIX	151
DEMOCRACY DEPENDS UPON EDUCATION	151
GOVERNMENT BY MEANS OF EDUCATION	152
THE COST OF EDUCATION	152
INEQUALITY OF EDUCATIONAL REQIUIREMENTS	152
THE DISTRICT SCHOOL	153
TOWNSHIP ORGANIZATION	154
COUNTY ORGANIZATION	154
ADVANTAGES OF SCHOOL CONSOLIDATION	154
DEVELOPMENT OF THE HIGH SCHOOL	156
EDUCATION FOR PHYSICAL FITNESS	156
HEALTH WORK IN CITY AND RURAL SCHOOLS OF THE UNITED STATES	157
EDUCATION FOR VOCATIONAL FITNESS	157
NATIONAL AID FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION	157
BREADTH OF PREPARATION FOR VOCATIONAL LIFE	157
MAKING LIFE EDUCATIONAL	158
EDUCATION FOR LIVING TOGETHER	158
THE SCHOOL AS A COMMUNITY CENTER	158
STATE ORGANIZATION FOR EDUCATION	159
RELATION OF STATE TO LOCAL ORGANIZATION	160
HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS	160
POLICY OF THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT TOWARD EDUCATION	160
THE UNITED STATES BUREAU OF EDUCATION	160
READINGS	161
CHAPTER XX	162
PHYSICAL DEFECTS AND THE NATIONAL DEFENSE	162
PHYSICAL DEFECTS AND THE NATION’S INDUSTRY	162
EDUCATION AND PHYSICAL DEFECTS	163
PHYSICAL UNFITNESS IN RURAL COMMUNITIES	163
RURAL AND CITY SCHOOL CHILDREN COMPARED	164
BETTER CONDITIONS IN CITIES DUE TO ORGANIZED TEAM WORK	164
SCHOOLS AS AN AGENCY FOR HEALTH CONSERVATION	165
HEALTH EDUCATION FOR ADULTS IN CITIES	165
AGENCIES FOR HEALTH EDUCATION IN RURAL COMMUNITIES	165
RESPONSIBILITY OF THE HOME	165
THE IMPORTANCE OF PURE AIR	166
BAD AIR AND THE SPREAD OF DISEASE	166
PURE WATER AND HEALTH	166
PURE FOOD AND HEALTH	166
SANITATION IN CITIES	167
FLIES AS DISEASE CARRIERS	167
DANGER FROM MOSQUITOES	167
POLLUTED SOIL AND HOOKWORM DISEASE	168
NATIONAL CONTROL OF HEALTH CONSERVATION	169
HEALTH WORK OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE	169
THE PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE	169
HEALTH WORK OF OTHER DEPARTMENTS	169
STATE RESPONSIBILITY FOR HEALTH PROTECTION	170
NEW YORK STATE ORGANIZATION	170
LOCAL ORGANIZATION FOR HEALTH PROTECTION	170
EXAMPLE OF NORTH CAROLINA	171
READINGS	172
CHAPTER XXI	173
HAPPINESS THROUGH SERVICE	173
SATISFACTION OF HIGHER WANTS	173
EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY TO ENJOY LIFE	173
RECREATION AND SOCIAL LIFE	174
OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLAY IN CITIES	174
PLAY IN RURAL COMMUNITIES	174
ARGUMENT FOR SCHOOL CONSOLIDATION	174
MEANING OF RECREATION	175
THE HABIT OF PLAY	175
LEISURE A REQUIREMENT	175
A LIVING WAGE A NECESSITY	175
THE WISE USE OF LEISURE	176
RURAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR RECREATION	176
IMPROVED CONDITIONS ON THE FARM	177
FACILITIES FOR DISSIPATION	177
FACILITIES FOR RECREATION	177
OPPORTUNITIES AFFORDED BY THE CONSOLIDATED SCHOOL	178
NEED FOR LEADERSHIP	178
KNOWING HOW TO USE OPPORTUNITIES	178
ATTRACTIVE SURROUNDINGS	179
ITS CULTIVATION	179
IMPORTANCE OF APPEARANCES	180
A COMMUNITY JUDGED BY APPEARANCES	180
COMMUNITY INTEREST IN BEAUTY	180
COMMUNITY PLANNING	181
INFLUENCE OF EXAMPLE	181
RELIGIOUS LIFE AND AGENCIES	182
RELIGION A MEANS OF CONTROL	182
RELIGIOUS DIFFERENCES AN OBSTACLE TO TEAM WORK	182
SOCIAL SERVICE OF THE CHURCH	183
READINGS	183
CHAPTER XXII	184
WHO CONSTITUTE DEPENDENTS, DEFECTIVES, AND DELINQUENTS	184
RELATION OF THE FAMILY TO THE PROBLEM	184
TREATMENT IN EARLY TIMES	185
REDUCING THE WASTAGE OF HUMAN LIFE	185
RESPONSIBILITY OF EACH COMMUNITY	185
THE LOCAL ALMSHOUSE AND ITS DEFECTS	185
SHORT-SIGHTED POLICY	185
REMEDIES PROPOSED	186
PURPOSE OF STATE INSTITUTIONS	186
COOPERATION FOR “OUTDOOR” RELIEF	186
VOLUNTARY AGENCIES	187
CHARITY ORGANIZATION	187
GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION FOR POOR RELIEF	188
RELATION BETWEEN STATE AND LOCAL ORGANIZATION	188
CAUSES OF DEPENDENCY MUST BE REMOVED	188
SOCIAL INSURANCE	189
THE CRIMINAL CLASS	190
WHAT CRIME IS	190
EARLY METHODS OF TREATING CRIMINALS	190
REHABILITATION OF CRIMINALS	190
THE LOCAL JAIL	191
NEEDED REFORM OF THE JAIL	191
FITTING THE TREATMENT TO THE OFFENDER	191
STATE INSTITUTIONS FOR DELINQUENTS	192
ADMINISTRATION OF STATE PRISONS	192
JUVENILE OFFENDERS	192
READINGS	193
CHAPTER XXIII	194
THE DISLIKE OF THE PEOPLE FOR TAXATION	194
WHAT TAXATION MEANS IN A DEMOCRACY	194
THE RETURNS FROM TAXATION	194
BENEFITS OF TEAM WORK IN TAXATION	195
MISUSE OF TAXES	195
A CAUSE OF DISSATISFACTION	195
TAXATION MUST BE JUST	196
HOW THE AMOUNT TO BE RAISED IS DETERMINED	196
TAXES ON PERSONS, PROPERTY, AND PRIVILEGES	196
THE RATE OF TAXATION	197
DIFFICULTY OF JUST ASSESSMENT	197
RESPONSIBILITY OF PROPERTY OWNERS	197
ILLUSTRATIONS OF UNJUST ASSESSMENTS	197
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE HONESTY	198
GOOD SENSE AND GOOD BUSINESS	198
INTELLIGENCE AND PUBLICITY NEEDED	199
TAXATION BY THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT	199
ADVANTAGES OF INDIRECT TAXATION	200
FEDERAL INCOME TAX	200
WAR TAXES	201
GOVERNMENT LOANS	201
READINGS	201
CHAPTER XXIV	202
GOVERNMENT AS A PROTECTOR OF INDIVIDUAL INITIATIVE	202
GOVERNMENT AS A PERFORMER OF SERVICE	202
VIEWS OF THE SOCIALISTS	203
ORGANIZATION FOR SERVICE AND FOR CONTROL	203
DIRECT SELF-GOVERNMENT	204
REPRESENTATIVE SELF-GOVERNMENT	204
DIRECT SELF-GOVERNMENT THROUGH CONSTITUTIONS	204
DIRECT LAWMAKING: INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM	205
DEMOCRACY OF THE WEST	205
THE SUFFRAGE	205
EARLY DISTRUST OF THE PEOPLE	206
QUALIFICATIONS FOR THE SUFFRAGE	206
WOMAN SUFFRAGE	206
MAJORITY AND MINORITY RULE	207
POLITICAL PARTIES	208
MISCHIEFS OF THE PARTY SPIRIT	208
VALUE OF MINORITY OPPOSITION	208
HOW MINORITIES MAY GAIN CONTROL	209
ORGANIZATION OF PARTIES AND ITS CONTROL	209
CAUSES OF SOCIAL UNREST	210
GOVERNMENT IN THE INTEREST OF ALL CLASSES	210
THE SHORT BALLOT	210
THE SECRET BALLOT	211
THE DIRECT PRIMARY	212
PREFERENTIAL PRIMARIES	212
THE RIGHTS OF MINORITIES	212
THE RECALL	213
PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION OF PARTIES	213
DIFFERENT BASES OF REPRESENTATION	213
READINGS	214
CHAPTER XXV	215
UNITS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT	215
THE NEW ENGLAND TOWN	215
THE TOWN MEETING	215
NEW ENGLAND TOWN OFFICERS	216
THE TOWN WARRANT	216
THE VALUE OF THE TOWN MEETING	217
WEAKENING OF GOVERNMENT BY TOWN MEETING	217
INFLUENCES LEADING TO DECLINE	218
THE FINANCE COMMITTEE: A MEANS OF BETTER SERVICE	218
TOWN PLANNING	219
NEED FOR CITIZEN COOPERATION	219
VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION	219
COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION IN MASSACHUSETTS	220
OFFICIAL AND UNOFFICIAL TEAMWORK	220
TOWNSHIP GOVERNMENT OUTSIDE OF NEW ENGLAND	221
THE COUNTY	222
TYPES OF COUNTY GOVERNMENT	222
COUNTY OFFICERS	222
LACK OF INTEREST IN COUNTY GOVERNMENT	223
EFFECTS OF THE LONG BALLOT	223
GOVERNMENT WITHOUT A HEAD	223
BAD BUSINESS METHODS	224
OUR LOCAL GOVERNMENTS	224
THE FEE SYSTEM	225
THE FAULT WITH THE CITIZEN	225
THE COUNTY AS A SUBDIVISION OF THE STATE	227
THE NECESSITY FOR STATE CONTROL	227
THE GROWTH OF URBAN COMMUNITIES	228
GOVERNMENT OF VILLAGES AND INCORPORATED TOWNS	228
CITY GOVERNMENT	229
CHANGES IN URBAN GOVERNMENT FOR BETTER SERVICE AND BETTER CONTROL	229
READINGS	230
CHAPTER XXVI	231
SOURCE OF GOVERNING POWER	231
THE STATE CONSTITUTION	231
CAUSE OF LENGTH OF STATE CONSTITUTIONS	231
A REPUBLICAN FORM OF GOVERNMENT	232
SEPARATION OF POWERS	232
THE GOVERNOR	232
THE GOVERNOR’S VARIED DUTIES	233
THE GOVERNOR’S PART IN LAWMAKING	233
GROWING INFLUENCE OF THE GOVERNOR	233
WEAKNESS OF THE STATE EXECUTIVE	233
COMPARISON OF STATE WITH NATIONAL EXECUTIVE	233
BEWILDERING COMPLEXITY OF ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICES	234
GOVERNOR LACKS POWER TO MEET HIS RESPONSIBILITY	234
UNSUCCESSFUL EFFORTS AT POPULAR CONTROL	234
EXPERIMENT NECESSARY TO PROGRESS	235
REORGANIZATION OF EXECUTIVE	235
THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH	236
THE TWO HOUSES	236
DEFECTS IN DISTRIBUTION OF REPRESENTATION	237
ATTITUDE OF THE PEOPLE TOWARD THEIR LEGISLATURES	238
LEGISLATIVE REFERENCE BUREAUS	239
THE COMMITTEE SYSTEM OF LEGISLATION	239
INVISIBLE GOVERNMENT	239
EVILS OF THE SYSTEM	240
EFFORTS TO CURB POWER OF LEGISLATURES	241
INEFFICIENT BUSINESS METHODS OF STATE GOVERNMENTS	242
WASTEFUL METHODS OF MAKING APPROPRIATIONS	242
THE BUDGET SYSTEM	243
THE JUDICIAL BRANCH	243
CIVIL AND CRIMINAL CASES	243
JUSTICES’ COURTS	244
COUNTY COURTS	244
THE COMMUNITY IN COURT	244
RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED	245
CIRCUIT OR SUPERIOR COURTS	245
THE STATE SUPREME COURT	245
OTHER COURTS	245
SELECTION OF JUDGES	246
READINGS	247
CHAPTER XXVII	247
THE REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT	247
THE CRITICAL PERIOD	247
THE NEW CONSTITUTION	248
POPULAR CONTROL THROUGH THE CONSTITUTION	248
OUR GOVERNMENT A GROWING THING	249
DEFECTS INEVITABLE	249
THE BILL OF RIGHTS	249
A GOVERNMENT OF DELEGATED POWERS	250
THE SCOPE OF NATIONAL POWERS	250
THE SYSTEM OF CHECKS AND BALANCES	250
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CHECKS AND BALANCES	251
THE IMPLIED POWERS OF THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT	251
EXPANSION OF POWERS BY JUDICIAL DECISION	252
THE EXECUTIVE CENTRALIZED AND CONTROLLED	253
METHOD OF ELECTING THE PRESIDENT	253
DEPARTURE FROM THE INTENTION OF THE CONSTITUTION	253
THE VICE-PRESIDENT	254
GROWTH OF THE NATIONAL SERVICE ORGANIZATION	254
THE ADMINISTRATIVE DEPARTMENTS	254
OTHER ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES	256
THE CIVIL SERVICE	256
REFORM OF THE CIVIL SERVICE	257
RESPONSIVE AND RESPONSIBLE LEADERSHIP	258
LEADERSHIP OF THE PRESIDENT	258
CONTROL OF LEADERSHIP IN ENGLAND	259
GROWTH OF IRRESPONSIBLE LEADERSHIP	259
THE CONGRESS	260
THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES	260
THE SENATE	260
EXCLUSIVE POWERS OF EACH HOUSE	260
ORGANIZATION OF CONGRESS	261
THE COMMITTEE SYSTEM	261
DIFFUSED LEADERSHIP IN CONGRESS	262
RELATION BETWEEN EXECUTIVE AND LEGISTLATIVE BRANCHES	262
THE DUTY OF CONGRESS TO WATCH THE EXECUTIVE	262
RESPONSIBILITY FOR APPROPRIATIONS	263
DUPLICATION AND CONFUSION IN THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH	263
APPROPRIATIONS MADE MORE OR LESS BLINDLY	264
THE PRINCIPLES OF A BUDGET SYSTEM	264
THE NEED FOR CENTRALIZING APPROPRIATIONS	264
RESPONSIBILITY OF THE CITIZEN	265
THE NATIONAL JUDICIARY	266
POWERS OF THE FEDERAL COURTS	266
READINGS	267
APPENDIX	268
PREAMBLE	268
ARTICLE I. THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT	268
SECTION II. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES	268
SECTION VII. MODE OF PASSING LAWS	270
AMENDMENTS	277