The Library building provided for by the act of Congress approved April 15, 1886, has been completed and opened to the public.  It should be a matter of congratulation that through the foresight and munificence of Congress the nation possesses this noble treasure-house of knowledge.  It is earnestly to be hoped that having done so much toward the cause of education, Congress will continue to develop the Library in every phase of research to the end that it may be not only one of the most magnificent but among the richest and most useful libraries in the world.

The important branch of our Government known as the Civil Service, the practical improvement of which has long been a subject of earnest discussion, has of late years received increased legislative and Executive approval.  During the past few months the service has been placed upon a still firmer basis of business methods and personal merit.  While the right of our veteran soldiers to reinstatement in deserving cases has been asserted, dismissals for merely political reasons have been carefully guarded against, the examinations for admittance to the service enlarged and at the same time rendered less technical and more practical; and a distinct advance has been made by giving a hearing before dismissal upon all cases where incompetency is charged or demand made for the removal of officials in any of the Departments.  This order has been made to give to the accused his right to be heard but without in anyway impairing the power of removal, which should always be exercised in cases of inefficiency and incompetency, and which is one of the vital safeguards of the civil service reform system, preventing stagnation and deadwood and keeping every employee keenly alive to the fact that the security of his tenure depends not on favor but on his own tested and carefully watched record of service.

Much of course still remains to be accomplished before the system can be made reasonably perfect for our needs.  There are places now in the classified service which ought to be exempted and others not classified may properly be included.  I shall not hesitate to exempt cases which I think have been improperly included in the classified service or include those which in my judgment will best promote the public service.  The system has the approval of the people and it will be my endeavor to uphold and extend it.

I am forced by the length of this Message to omit many important references to affairs of the Government with which Congress will have to deal at the present session.  They are fully discussed in the departmental reports, to all of which I invite your earnest attention.

The estimates of the expenses of the Government by the several Departments will, I am sure, have your careful scrutiny.  While the Congress may not find it an easy task to reduce the expenses of the Government, it should not encourage their increase.  These expenses will in my judgment admit of a decrease in many branches of the Government without injury to the public service.  It is a commanding duty to keep the appropriations within the receipts of the Government, and thus avoid a deficit.