It is manifestly and avowedly the object of these laws to confer upon Negroes the privilege of voting and to disfranchise such a number of white citizens as will give the former a clear majority at all elections in the Southern States.  This, to the minds of some persons, is so important that a violation of the Constitution is justified as a means of bringing it about.  The morality is always false which excuses a wrong because it proposes to accomplish a desirable end.  We are not permitted to do evil that good may come.  But in this case the end itself is evil, as well as the means.  The subjugation of the States to Negro domination would be worse than the military despotism under which they are now suffering.  It was believed beforehand that the people would endure any amount of military oppression for any length of time rather than degrade themselves by subjection to the Negro race.  Therefore they have been left without a choice.  Negro suffrage was established by act of Congress, and the military officers were commanded to superintend the process of clothing the Negro race with the political privileges torn from white men.

The blacks in the South are entitled to be well and humanely governed, and to have the protection of just laws for all their rights of person and property.  If it were practicable at this time to give them a Government exclusively their own, under which they might manage their own affairs in their own way, it would become a grave question whether we ought to do so, or whether common humanity would not require us to save them from themselves.  But under the circumstances this is only a speculative point.  It is not proposed merely that they shall govern themselves, but that they shall rule the white race, make and administer State laws, elect Presidents and members of Congress, and shape to a greater or less extent the future destiny of the whole country.  Would such a trust and power be safe in such hands?

The peculiar qualities which should characterize any people who are fit to decide upon the management of public affairs for a great state have seldom been combined.  It is the glory of white men to know that they have had these qualities in sufficient measure to build upon this continent a great political fabric and to preserve its stability for more than ninety years, while in every other part of the world all similar experiments have failed.  But if anything can be proved by known facts, if all reasoning upon evidence is not abandoned, it must be acknowledged that in the progress of nations Negroes have shown less capacity for government than any other race of people.  No independent government of any form has ever been successful in their hands.  On the contrary, wherever they have been left to their own devices they have shown a constant tendency to relapse into barbarism.  In the Southern States, however, Congress has undertaken to confer upon them the privilege of the ballot.  Just released from slavery, it