submission.  It would not comport with my present purpose to review the proceedings of Congress upon the Lecompton constitution.  It is sufficient to observe that their final action has removed the last vestige of serious revolutionary troubles.  The desperate hand recently assembled under a notorious outlaw in the southern portion of the Territory to resist the execution of the laws and to plunder peaceful citizens will, I doubt not be speedily subdued and brought to justice.

Had I treated the Lecompton constitution as a nullity and refused to transmit it to Congress, it is not difficult to imagine, whilst recalling the position of the country at that moment, what would have been the disastrous consequences, both in and out of the Territory, from such a dereliction of duty on the part of the Executive.

Peace has also been restored within the Territory of Utah, which at the commencement of my Administration was in a state of open rebellion.  This was the more dangerous, as the people, animated by a fanatical spirit and intrenched within their distant mountain fastnesses, might have made a long and formidable resistance.  Cost what it might, it was necessary to bring them into subjection to the Constitution and the laws.  Sound policy, therefore, as well as humanity, required that this object should if possible be accomplished without the effusion of blood.  This could only be effected by sending a military force into the Territory sufficiently strong to convince the people that resistance would be hopeless, and at the same time to offer them a pardon for past offenses on condition of immediate submission to the Government.  This policy was pursued with eminent success, and the only cause for regret is the heavy expenditure required to march a large detachment of the Army to that remote region and to furnish it subsistence.

Utah is now comparatively peaceful and quiet, and the military force has been withdrawn, except that portion of it necessary to keep the Indians in check and to protect the emigrant trains on their way to our Pacific possessions.

In my first annual message I promised to employ my best exertions in cooperation with Congress to reduce the expenditures of the Government within the limits of a wise and judicious economy.  An overflowing Treasury had produced habits of prodigality and extravagance which could only be gradually corrected.  The work required both time and patience.  I applied myself diligently to this task from the beginning and was aided by the able and energetic efforts of the heads of the different Executive Departments.  The result of our labors in this good cause did not appear in the sum total of our expenditures for the first two years, mainly in consequence of the extraordinary expenditure necessarily incurred in the Utah expedition and the very large amount of the contingent expenses of Congress during this period.  These greatly exceeded the pay and mileage of the members.  For