Further appropriations will also be necessary for grading and paving the streets and avenues and inclosing and embellishing the public grounds within the city of Washington.

I commend all these objects, together with the charitable institutions of the District, to your favorable regard.  Every effort has been made to protect our frontier and that of the adjoining Mexican States from the incursions of the Indian tribes.  Of about 11,000 men of which the Army is composed, nearly 8,000 are employed in the defense of the newly acquired territory (including Texas) and of emigrants proceeding thereto.  I am gratified to say that these efforts have been unusually successful.  With the exception of some partial outbreaks in California and Oregon and occasional depredations on a portion of the Rio Grande, owing, it is believed, to the disturbed state of that border region, the inroads of the Indians have been effectually restrained.

Experience has shown, however, that whenever the two races are brought into contact collisions will inevitably occur.  To prevent these collisions the United States have generally set apart portions of their territory for the exclusive occupation of the Indian tribes.  A difficulty occurs, however, in the application of this policy to Texas.  By the terms of the compact by which that State was admitted into the Union she retained the ownership of all the vacant lands within her limits.  The government of that State, it is understood, has assigned no portion of her territory to the Indians, but as fast as her settlements advance lays it off into counties and proceeds to survey and sell it.  This policy manifestly tends not only to alarm and irritate the Indians, but to compel them to resort to plunder for subsistence.  It also deprives this Government of that influence and control over them without which no durable peace can ever exist between them and the whites.  I trust, therefore, that a due regard for her own interests, apart from considerations of humanity and justice, will induce that State to assign a small portion of her vast domain for the provisional occupancy of the small remnants of tribes within her borders, subject, of course, to her ownership and eventual jurisdiction.  If she should fail to do this, the fulfillment of our treaty stipulations with Mexico and our duty to the Indians themselves will, it is feared, become a subject of serious embarrassment to the Government.  It is hoped, however, that a timely and just provision by Texas may avert this evil.

No appropriations for fortifications were made at the two last sessions of Congress.  The cause of this omission is probably to be found in a growing belief that the system of fortifications adopted in 1816, and heretofore acted on, requires revision.

The subject certainly deserves full and careful investigation, but it should not be delayed longer than can be avoided.  In the meantime there are certain works which have been commenced, some of them nearly completed, designed to protect our principal seaports from Boston to New Orleans and a few other important points.  In regard to the necessity for these works, it is believed that little difference of opinion exists among military men.  I therefore recommend that the appropriations necessary to prosecute them be made.