1471.

Map of Elephanta in India which Antonello Merciaio has from maestro Maffeo;—­there for seven years the earth rises and for seven years it sinks;—­Enquire at the stationers about Vitruvius.

1472.

See ‘On Ships’ Messer Battista, and Frontinus ‘On Acqueducts’ [Footnote 2:  2. Vitruvius de Arch., et Frontinus de Aquedoctibus. Florence, 1513.—­This is the earliest edition of Frontinus.—­The note referring to this author thus suggests a solution of the problem of the date of the Leicester Manuscript.].

[Footnote:  Compare No. 1113, 25.]

1473.

Anaxagoras:  Every thing proceeds from every thing, and every thing becomes every thing, and every thing can be turned into every thing else, because that which exists in the elements is composed of those elements.

1474.

The Archimedes belonging to the Bishop of Padua.

[Footnote:  See No. 1421, 1. 3, 6 and Vol.  I, No. 343.]

1475.

Archimedes gave the quadrature of a polygonal figure, but not of the circle.  Hence Archimedes never squared any figure with curved sides.  He squared the circle minus the smallest portion that the intellect can conceive, that is the smallest point visible.

[Footnote:  Compare No. 1504.]

1476.

If any man could have discovered the utmost powers of the cannon, in all its various forms and have given such a secret to the Romans, with what rapidity would they have conquered every country and have vanquished every army, and what reward could have been great enough for such a service!  Archimedes indeed, although he had greatly damaged the Romans in the siege of Syracuse, nevertheless did not fail of being offered great rewards from these very Romans; and when Syracuse was taken, diligent search was made for Archimedes; and he being found dead greater lamentation was made for him by the Senate and people of Rome than if they had lost all their army; and they did not fail to honour him with burial and with a statue.  At their head was Marcus Marcellus.  And after the second destruction of Syracuse, the sepulchre of Archimedes was found again by Cato[25], in the ruins of a temple.  So Cato had the temple restored and the sepulchre he so highly honoured....  Whence it is written that Cato said that he was not so proud of any thing he had done as of having paid such honour to Archimedes.

[Footnote:  Where Leonardo found the statement that Cato had found and restored the tomb of Archimedes, I do not know.  It is a merit that Cicero claims as his own (Tusc.  V, 23) and certainly with a full right to it.  None of Archimedes’ biographers —­not even the diligent Mazzucchelli, mentions any version in which Cato is named.  It is evidently a slip of the memory on Leonardo’s part.  Besides, according to the passage in Cicero, the grave was not found ’nelle ruine d’un tempio’—­which is highly improbable as relating to a Greek—­but in an open spot (H.  MULLER-STRUBING).—­See too, as to Archimedes, No. 1417.