was the first white man who ever saw this extraordinary place, and I have called it Nicholls’s Fish Ponds after him.  It will be noticed that the characteristics of the only permanent waters in this region are rocky springs and reservoirs, such as Saleh’s Fish Ponds, Glen Ross, Glen Camel, and Nicholls’s Fish Ponds will show.  More junctions occurred in this neighbourhood, and it was quite evident that the main river could not exist much farther, as immediately above every tributary its size became manifestly reduced.

On the 27th of May we camped close to a red hill on the south bank of the river; just below it, was another spring, at which a few reeds and some bulrushes were growing.  The only views from any of the hills near the river displayed an almost unvarying scene; low hills near the banks of the river, and some a trifle higher in the background.  The river had always been in a confined valley from the time we first struck it, and it was now more confined than ever.  On the morning of the 28th of May we had a frost for the first time this year, the thermometer indicating 28 degrees.  To-day we crossed several more tributaries, mostly from the north side; but towards evening the river split in two, at least here occurred the junction of two creeks of almost equal size, and it was difficult to determine which was the main branch.  I did not wish to go any farther south, therefore I took the more northerly one; its trend, as our course for some days past had been, was a good deal south of east; indeed, we have travelled about east-south-east since leaving the depot.  In the upper portions of the river we found more water in the channel than we had done lower down; perhaps more rain had fallen in these hills.

By the 29th, the river or creek-channel had become a mere thread; the hills were lowering, and the country in the glen and outside was all stones and scrub.  We camped at a small rain-water hole about a mile and a half from a bluff hill, from whose top, a few stunted gum-trees could be seen a little farther up the channel.  Having now run the Ashburton up to its head, I could scarcely expect to find any more water before entering Gibson’s Desert, which I felt sure commences here.  So far as I knew, the next water was in the Rawlinson Range of my former horse expedition, a distance of over 450 miles.  And what the nature of the country between was, no human being knew, at least no civilised human being.  I was greatly disappointed to find that the Ashburton River did not exist for a greater distance eastwards than this, as when I first struck it, it seemed as though it would carry me to the eastwards for hundreds of miles.  I had followed it only eighty or a trifle more, and now it was a thing of the past.  It may be said to rise from nowhere, being like a vast number of Australian rivers, merely formed in its lower portions by the number of tributaries that join it.  There are very few pretty or romantic places to be seen near it.  The country and views