quantity of tea-tree, which completely choked up the passage with good-sized trees, whose limbs and branches were so interwoven that they prevented any animal larger than a man from approaching the water, bubbling along at their feet.  We had to chop a passage to it for our horses.  The hills were quite destitute of timber, and were composed of huge masses of rifted granite, which could only have been so riven by seismatic action, which at one time must have been exceedingly frequent in this region.

I may mention that, from the western half of the Musgrave Range, all the Mann, the Tomkinson, and other ranges westward have been shivered into fragments by volcanic force.  Most of the higher points of all the former and latter consist of frowning masses of black-looking or intensely red ironstone, or granite thickly coated with iron.  Triodia grows as far up the sides of the hills as it is possible to obtain any soil; but even this infernal grass cannot exist on solid rock; therefore all the summits of these hills are bare.  These shivered masses of stone have large interstices amongst them, which are the homes, dens, or resorts of swarms of a peculiar marsupial known as the rock wallaby, which come down on to the lower grounds at night to feed.  If they expose themselves in the day, they are the prey of aborigines and eagles, if at night, they fall victims to wild dogs or dingoes.  The rocks frequently change their contours from earthquake shocks, and great numbers of these creatures are crushed and smashed by the trembling rocks, so that these unfortunate creatures, beset by so many dangers, exist always in a chronic state of fear and anxiety, and almost perpetual motion.  These hills also have the metallic clang of the Bell Rock, and are highly magnetic.  In the scrubs to-day Gibson found a Lowan’s or scrub pheasant’s nest.  These birds inhabit the most waterless regions and the densest scrubs, and live entirely without water.

This bird is figured in Gould’s work on Australian ornithology; it is called the Leipoa ocellata.  Two specimens of these birds are preserved in the Natural History Department of the British Museum at Kensington.  We obtained six fresh eggs from it.  I found another, and got five more.  We saw several native huts in the scrubs, some of them of large dimensions, having limbs of the largest trees they could get to build them with.  When living here, the natives probably obtain water from roots of the mulga.  This must be the case, for we often see small circular pits dug at the foot of some of these trees, which, however, generally die after the operation of tapping.  I called the spot Glen Osborne*; we rested here a day.  We always have a great deal of sewing and repairing of the canvas pack-bags to do, and a day of rest usually means a good day’s work; it rests the horses, however, and that is the main thing.  Saturday night, the 4th October, was a delightfully cool one, and on Sunday we started for some hills