was declared void, It was then determined to nominate a syndic to represent the inhabitants, and on August 3 Claude Charron, a merchant, was elected to the office; but, as the habitants often had difficulties to settle with members of the commercial class, objection was taken to him on the ground that he was a tradesman, and he retired.  On September 17 a new election took place, and Jean Le Mire, a carpenter, was elected.  Later on, during the troubles of the Mezy regime, the office seems to have been practically abolished; but when the government was reorganized, it was thought advisable to revive it.  The council decreed another election, and on March 20, 1667, Jean Le Mire was again chosen as syndic.  Le Mire continued to hold the office for many years.

To the colony of that day the Sovereign Council was, broadly speaking, what the legislatures, the executives, the courts of justice, and the various commissions—­all combined—­are to modern Canada.  But, as we have seen, it had arbitrary powers that these modern bodies are not permitted to exercise.  Its long arm reached into every concern of the inhabitants.  In 1667, for example, the habitants asked for a regulation to fix the millers’ fee—­the amount of the toll to which they would be entitled for grinding the grain.  The owners of the flour-mills represented that the construction, repair, and maintenance of their mills were two or three times more costly in Canada than in France, and that they should have a proportionate fee; still, they would be willing to accept the bare remuneration usually allowed in the kingdom.  The toll was fixed at one-fourteenth of the grain.  Highways were also under the care of the council.  When the residents of a locality presented a petition for opening a road, the council named two of its members to make an inspection and report.  On receipt of the report, an order would be issued for opening a road along certain lines and of a specified width (it was often eighteen feet), and for pulling stumps and filling up hollows.  There was an official called the grand-voyer, or general overseer of roads.  The office had been established in 1657, when Rene Robineau de Becancourt was appointed grand-voyer by the Company of One Hundred Associates.  But in the wretched state of the colony at that time M. de Becancourt had not much work to do.  In later years, however, the usefulness of a grand-voyer had become more apparent, and Becancourt asked for a confirmation of his appointment.  On the suggestion of Talon, the council reinstated him and ordered that his commission be registered.  During the whole French regime there were but five general overseers of roads or grands-voyers:  Rene Robineau de Becancourt (1657-99); Pierre Robineau de Becancourt (1699-1729); E. Lanoullier de Boisclerc (1731-51); M. de la Gorgendiere (1751-59); M. de Lino (1759-60).