Here, then, is the logical order of analysis:  first, the whole or unit of thought; second, the parts; third, the service, or the use of the parts; fourth, the relationship of the parts which is the highest service and results in revelation.  In determining this higher service we are reconstructing our whole from the unit of the selection to the revelation of truth resulting from the relationship of parts; the analysis must culminate in synthesis, else it would defeat its purpose.  The end of literature, as in other forms of art, is revelation.  The end of analysis is to lead to the perception of this revelation.  In the earlier stages of development the pupil’s attention should not be directed toward minute analysis.  At this period his mind is engrossed with the principal thought or unit of the composition,—­the dominant theme which is developed in every organic literary composition.  Let his mind rest upon this until he lives in the spirit of the theme through a passion for reflecting it to others.

Inasmuch as an attempt to define always limits, it is a question how far it will be profitable to formulate definite statements of the whole, parts, etc.  Written expression, as well as oral, is individual.  Each pupil may have a different formulation.  Inasmuch, however, as every author is possessed by a definite purpose, we may suggest, for the guidance of the student, a tentative analysis of a selection which may aid him in reflecting its truth to an audience.

It is hoped that this brief study of one selection from each chapter may be acceptable as a working basis, a hint of the logical method of procedure rather than an arbitrary model.  The elaboration of these principles is without limit and must be left to the teacher.  It is the purpose here to give only simple statements intended to be suggestive rather than final.

Example:  “The Cheerful Locksmith.” (Page 46.)

The Unit, or Whole for working basis:  The character of the
Cheerful Locksmith.

The Parts: 

(a) The sound he makes.  Paragraphs 1, 2, 3, 7.

(6) His personal appearance.  Paragraph 4.

(c) The appearance of objects around him.  Paragraphs 5, 6.

The Service of the Parts: 

(a) Serves the Whole by engaging the interest at once in the Cheerful Locksmith, whom it introduces, and whose nature it reflects.

(b) Serves by presenting a definite picture of him, radiating cheer.

(c) Serves by revealing further his cheerful personality through its effect upon surrounding objects.

The Relationship of the Parts: 

(a) Foreshadows (b) and (c).

(b) Fulfils the expectation awakened in (a) and helps to prepare the mind for (c).

(c) Is a natural outgrowth from (a) and (b).

Synthesis: 

The revelation of truth through these relationships gives us a “New Whole” which maybe stated thus:  The spirit of cheerfulness, radiating from the Locksmith’s personality and expressed through his work, is reflected by all around him.