flows. Those whom you formerly knew are now dust
and ashes! A plague sent by angry Juno devastated
the land. She hated it because it bore the name
of one of her husband’s female favorites.
While the disease appeared to spring from natural
causes we resisted it, as we best might, by natural
remedies; but it soon appeared that the pestilence
was too powerful for our efforts, and we yielded.
At the beginning the sky seemed to settle down upon
the earth, and thick clouds shut in the heated air.
For four months together a deadly south wind prevailed.
The disorder affected the wells and springs; thousands
of snakes crept over the land and shed their poison
in the fountains. The force of the disease was
first spent on the lower animals—dogs,
cattle, sheep, and birds The luckless ploughman wondered
to see his oxen fall in the midst of their work, and
lie helpless in the unfinished furrow. The wool
fell from the bleating sheep, and their bodies pined
away. The horse, once foremost in the race, contested
the palm no more, but groaned at his stall and died
an inglorious death. The wild boar forgot his
rage, the stag his swiftness, the bears no longer
attacked the herds. Everything languished; dead
bodies lay in the roads, the fields, and the woods;
the air was poisoned by them, I tell you what is hardly
credible, but neither dogs nor birds would touch them,
nor starving wolves. Their decay spread the infection.
Next the disease attacked the country people, and
then the dwellers in the city. At first the cheek
was flushed, and the breath drawn with difficulty.
The tongue grew rough and swelled, and the dry mouth
stood open with its veins enlarged and gasped for the
air. Men could not bear the heat of their clothes
or their beds, but preferred to lie on the bare ground;
and the ground did not cool them, but, on the contrary,
they heated the spot where they lay. Nor could
the physicians help, for the disease attacked them
also, and the contact of the sick gave them infection,
so that the most faithful were the first victims.
At last all hope of relief vanished, and men learned
to look upon death as the only deliverer from disease.
Then they gave way to every inclination, and cared
not to ask what was expedient, for nothing was expedient.
All restraint laid aside, they crowded around the
wells and fountains and drank till they died, without
quenching thirst. Many had not strength to get
away from the water, but died in the midst of the
stream, and others would drink of it notwithstanding.
Such was their weariness of their sick beds that some
would creep forth, and if not strong enough to stand,
would die on the ground. They seemed to hate
their friends, and got away from their homes, as if,
not knowing the cause of their sickness, they charged
it on the place of their abode. Some were seen
tottering along the road, as long as they could stand,
while others sank on the earth, and turned their dying
eyes around to take a last look, then closed them
in death.