January 24.

I am very sorry to tell you the Duke of Gloucester is dying.  About three weeks ago the physicians said it was absolutely necessary for him to go abroad immediately.  He dallied, but was actually preparing.  He now cannot go, and probably will not live many days, as he has had two shivering fits, and the physicians give the Duchess no hopes.(201) Her affliction and courage are not to be described; they take their turns as she is in the room with him or not.  His are still greater.  His heart is broken, and yet his firmness and coolness amazing.  I pity her beyond measure; and it is not a time to blame her having accepted an honour which so few women could have resisted, and scarce one ever has resisted.

The London and Bristol merchants carried their petitions yesterday to the House of Commons.  The Opposition contended for their being heard by the committee of the whole House, who are to consider the American papers; but the Court sent them to a committee(202) after a debate till nine at night, with nothing very remarkable, on divisions of 197 to 81, and 192 to 65.  Lord Stanley(203) spoke for the first time; his voice and manner pleased, but his matter was not so successful.  Dowdeswell(204 is dead, and Tom Hervey.(205) The latter sent for his Wife and acknowledged her.  Don’t forget to inform me when my letters must stop.  Adieu!  Yours ever.

(198) Now first printed.

(199) In the Chatham correspondence will be found another, and a very different, account of this debate, in a letter to Lady Chatham, from their son William:—­“Nothing,” he says, “prevented my father’s speech from being the most forcible that can be imagined, and the administration fully felt it.  The matter and manner were striking; far beyond what I can express.  It was every thing that was superior; and though it had not the desired effect on an obdurate House of Lords, it must have an infinite effect without doors, the bar being crowded with Americans, etc.  Lord Suffolk, I cannot say answered him, but spoke after him.  He was a contemptible orator indeed, with paltry matter and a whining delivery.  Lord Shelburne spoke well, and supported the motion warmly.  Lord Camden was supreme, with only One exception, and as zealous as possible.  Lord Rockingham spoke shortly, but sensibly; and the Duke of Richmond well, and with much candour as to the Declaratory act.  Upon the whole, it was a noble debate.  The ministry were violent beyond expectation, almost to madness. instead of recalling the troops now there, they talked of sending more.  My father has had no pain, but is lame in one ankle near the instep from standing so long.  No wonder he is lame:  his first speech lasted above an hour, and the second half an hour; surely, the two finest speeches that ever were made before, unless by himself!” Dr. Franklin too, who heard the debate, says, in reference to Lord Chatham’s speech-"I am filled with admiration of that truly great man.  I have seen, in the course of my life, sometimes eloquence without wisdom and often wisdom without eloquence:  in the present instance, I see both united, and both, as I think, in the highest degree possible.”  Vol. iv. pp. 375, 385.-E.