The sentence, read in the same place and in the same manner as had been that upon the Advocate, condemned both Hoogerbeets and Grotius to perpetual imprisonment.

The course of the trial and the enumeration of the offences were nearly identical with the leading process which has been elaborately described.

Grotius made no remark whatever in the court-room.  On returning to his chamber he observed that his admissions of facts had been tortured into confessions of guilt, that he had been tried and sentenced against all principles and forms of law, and that he had been deprived of what the humblest criminal could claim, the right of defence and the examination of testimony.  In regard to the penalty against him, he said, there was no such thing as perpetual imprisonment except in hell.  Alluding to the leading cause of all these troubles, he observed that it was with the Stadholder and the Advocate as Cato had said of Caesar and Pompey.  The great misery had come not from their being enemies, but from their having once been friends.

On the night of 5th June the prisoners were taken from their prison in the Hague and conveyed to the castle of Loevestein.

This fortress, destined thenceforth to be famous in history and—­from its frequent use in after-times as a state-prison for men of similar constitutional views to those of Grotius and the Advocate—­to give its name to a political party, was a place of extraordinary strength.  Nature and art had made it, according to military ideas of that age, almost impregnable.  As a prison it seemed the very castle of despair.  “Abandon all hope ye who enter” seemed engraven over its portal.

Situate in the very narrow, acute angle where the broad, deep, and turbid Waal—­the chief of the three branches into which the Rhine divides itself on entering the Netherlands—­mingles its current with the silver Meuse whose name it adopts as the united rivers roll to the sea, it was guarded on many sides by these deep and dangerous streams.  On the land-side it was surrounded by high walls and a double foss, which protected it against any hostile invasion from Brabant.  As the Twelve Years’ Truce was running to its close, it was certain that pains would be taken to strengthen the walls and deepen the ditches, that the place might be proof against all marauders and land-robbers likely to swarm over from the territory of the Archdukes.  The town of Gorcum was exactly opposite on the northern side of the Waal, while Worcum was about a league’s distance from the castle on the southern side, but separated from it by the Meuse.

The prisoners, after crossing the drawbridge, were led through thirteen separate doors, each one secured by iron bolts and heavy locks, until they reached their separate apartments.