Twelve thousand infantry and sixteen hundred cavalry, the consummate flower of the States’ army, all well-paid, well-clad, well-armed, well-disciplined veterans, had been collected in this place of rendezvous and were ready to embark.  It would be unjust to compare the dimensions of this force and the preparations for ensuring the success of the enterprise with the vast expeditions and gigantic armaments of later times, especially with the tremendous exhibitions of military and naval energy with which our own civil war has made us familiar.  Maurice was an adept in all that science and art had as yet bequeathed to humanity for the purpose of human’ destruction, but the number of his troops was small compared to the mighty hosts which the world since those days has seen embattled.  War, as a trade, was then less easily learned.  It was a guild in which apprenticeship was difficult, and in which enrolment was usually for life.  A little republic of scarce three million souls, which could keep always on foot a regular well-appointed army of twenty-five thousand men and a navy of one or two hundred heavily armed cruisers, was both a marvel and a formidable element in the general polity of the world.  The lesson to be derived both in military and political philosophy from the famous campaign of Nieuport does not depend for its value on the numbers of the ships or soldiers engaged in the undertaking.  Otherwise, and had it been merely a military expedition like a thousand others which have been made and forgotten, it would not now deserve more than a momentary attention.  But the circumstances were such as to make the issue of the impending battle one of the most important in human history.  It was entirely possible that an overwhelming defeat of the republican forces on this foreign expedition would bring with it an absolute destruction of the republic, and place Spain once more in possession of the heretic “islands,” from which basis she would menace the very existence of England more seriously than she had ever done before.  Who could measure the consequences to Christendom of such a catastrophe?

The distance from the place where the fleet and army were assembled to Nieuport—­the objective point of the enterprise—­was but thirty-five miles as the crow flies.  And the crow can scarcely fly in a straighter line than that described by the coast along which the ships were to shape their course.

And here it is again impossible not to reflect upon the change which physical science has brought over the conduct of human affairs.  We have seen in a former chapter a most important embassy sent forth from the States for the purpose of preventing the consummation of a peace between their ally and their enemy.  Celerity was a vital element in the success of such a mission; for the secret negotiations which it was intended to impede were supposed to be near their termination.  Yet months were consumed in a journey which in our day would have been accomplished