States—­Guarantees required by England—­England’s comparative
   Weakness—­The English characterised—­Paul Hentzner—­The Envoys in
   London—­Their Characters—­Olden-Barneveldt described—­Reception at
   Greenwich—­Speech of Menin—­Reply of the Queen—­Memorial of the
   Envoys—­Discussions with the Ministers—­Second Speech of the Queen
   —­Third Speech of the Queen

England as we have seen—­had carefully watched the negotiations between France and the Netherlands.  Although she had—­upon the whole, for that intriguing age—­been loyal in her bearing towards both parties, she was perhaps not entirely displeased with the result.  As her cherished triumvirate was out of the question, it was quite obvious that, now or never, she must come forward to prevent the Provinces from falling back into the hands of Spain.  The future was plainly enough foreshadowed, and it was already probable, in case of a prolonged resistance on the part of Holland, that Philip would undertake the reduction of his rebellious subjects by a preliminary conquest of England.  It was therefore quite certain that the expense and danger of assisting the Netherlands must devolve upon herself, but, at the same time it was a consolation that her powerful next-door neighbour was not to be made still more powerful by the annexation to his own dominion of those important territories.

Accordingly, so soon as the deputies in France had received their definite and somewhat ignominious repulse from Henry III. and his mother, the English government lost no time in intimating to the States that they were not to be left without an ally.  Queen Elizabeth was however resolutely averse from assuming that sovereignty which she was not unwilling to see offered for her acceptance; and her accredited envoy at the Hague, besides other more secret agents, were as busily employed in the spring of 1585—­as Des Pruneaux had been the previous winter on the part of France—­to bring about an application, by solemn embassy, for her assistance.

There was, however, a difference of view, from the outset, between the leading politicians of the Netherlands and the English Queen.  The Hollanders were extremely desirous of becoming her subjects; for the United States, although they had already formed themselves into an independent republic, were quite ignorant of their latent powers.  The leading personages of the country—­those who were soon to become the foremost statesmen of the new commonwealth—­were already shrinking from the anarchy which was deemed inseparable from a non-regal form of government, and were seeking protection for and against the people under a foreign sceptre.  On the other hand, they were indisposed to mortgage large and important fortified towns, such as Flushing, Brill, and others, for the repayment of the subsidies which Elizabeth might be induced to advance.  They preferred to pay in sovereignty rather than in money.  The Queen, on the contrary, preferred money to sovereignty, and was not at all inclined to sacrifice economy to ambition.  Intending to drive a hard bargain with the States, whose cause was her own, and whose demands for aid she; had secretly prompted, she meant to grant a certain number of soldiers for as brief a period as possible, serving at her expense, and to take for such outlay a most ample security in the shape of cautionary towns.