the arduous and honourable enterprise now on foot, would be obliged to rely quite as much on that same ability of purse as upon the sufficiency of his brain or arm.  The Queen did not mean to send her favourite forth to purchase anything but honour in the Netherlands; and it was not the Provinces only that were likely to struggle against her parsimony.  Yet that parsimony sprang from a nobler motive than the mere love of pelf.  Dangers encompassed her on every side, and while husbanding her own exchequer, she was saving her subjects’ resources.  “Here we are but book-worms,” said Walsingham, “yet from sundry quarters we hear of great practices against this poor crown.  The revolt in Scotland is greatly feared, and that out of hand.”

Scotland, France, Spain, these were dangerous enemies and neighbours to a maiden Queen, who had a rebellious Ireland to deal with on one side the channel, and Alexander of Parma on the other.

Davison experienced great inconvenience and annoyance before the definite arrangements could be made.  There is no doubt that the Spanish party had made great progress since the fall of Antwerp.  Roger Williams was right in advising the Queen to deal” roundly and resolutely” with the States, and to “sovereign them presently.”

They had need of being sovereigned, for it must be confessed that the self-government which prevailed at that moment was very like no government.  The death of Orange, the treachery of Henry III., the triumphs of Parma, disastrous facts, treading rapidly upon each other, had produced a not very unnatural effect.  The peace-at-any-price party was struggling hard for the ascendancy, and the Spanish partizans were doing their best to hold up to suspicion the sharp practice of the English Queen.  She was even accused of underhand dealing with Spain, to the disadvantage of the Provinces; so much had slander, anarchy, and despair, been able to effect.  The States were reluctant to sign those articles with Elizabeth which were absolutely necessary to their salvation.

“In how doubtful and uncertain terms I found things at my coming hither,” wrote Davison to Burghley, “how thwarted and delayed since for a resolution, and with what conditions, and for what reasons I have been finally drawn to conclude with them as I have done, your Lordship may perceive by that I have written to Mr. Secretary.  The chief difficulty has rested upon the point of entertaining the garrisons within the towns of assurance, over and besides the five thousand footmen and one thousand horse.”

This, as Davison proceeded to observe, was considered a ‘sine qua non’ by the States, so that, under the perilous circumstances in which both countries were placed, he had felt it his duty to go forward as far as possible to meet their demands.  Davison always did his work veraciously, thoroughly, and resolutely; and it was seldom that his advice, in all matters pertaining to Netherland matters, did not prove the very best that could be offered.  No man knew better than he the interests and the temper of both countries.