which then existed, the worst or feeblest governor would have been better than none at all.  To leave a vacancy was to play directly into the hands of Orange, for it was impossible that so skilful an adversary should not at once perceive the fault, and profit by it to the utmost.  It was strange that Philip did not see the danger of inactivity at such a crisis.  Assuredly, indolence was never his vice, but on this occasion indecision did the work of indolence.  Unwittingly, the despot was assisting the efforts of the liberator.  Viglius saw the position of matters with his customary keenness, and wondered at the blindness of Hopper and Philip.  At the last gasp of a life, which neither learning nor the accumulation of worldly prizes and worldly pelf could redeem from intrinsic baseness, the sagacious but not venerable old man saw that a chasm was daily widening; in which the religion and the despotism which he loved might soon be hopelessly swallowed.  “The Prince of Orange and his Beggars do not sleep,” he cried, almost in anguish; “nor will they be quiet till they have made use of this interregnum to do us some immense grievance.”  Certainly the Prince of Orange did not sleep upon this nor any other great occasion of his life.  In his own vigorous language, used to stimulate his friends in various parts of the country, he seized the swift occasion by the forelock.  He opened a fresh correspondence with many leading gentlemen in Brussels and other places in the Netherlands; persons of influence, who now, for the first time, showed a disposition to side with their country against its tyrants.  Hitherto the land had been divided into two very unequal portions.  Holland and Zealand were devoted to the Prince; their whole population, with hardly an individual exception, converted to the Reformed religion.  The other fifteen provinces were, on the whole, loyal to the King; while the old religion had, of late years, taken root so rapidly again, that perhaps a moiety of their population might be considered as Catholic.  At the same time, the reign of terror under Alva, the paler, but not less distinct tyranny of Requesens, and the intolerable excesses of the foreign soldiery, by which the government of foreigners was supported, had at last maddened all the inhabitants of the seventeen provinces.  Notwithstanding, therefore, the fatal difference of religious opinion, they were all drawn into closer relations with each other; to regain their ancient privileges, and to expel the detested foreigners from the soil, being objects common to all.  The provinces were united in one great hatred and one great hope.

The Hollanders and Zealanders, under their heroic leader, had well nigh accomplished both tasks, so far as those little provinces were concerned.  Never had a contest, however, seemed more hopeless at its commencement.  Cast a glance at the map.  Look at Holland—­not the Republic, with its sister provinces beyond the Zuyder Zee—­but Holland only, with the Zealand archipelago.  Look