and against which the batteries of Parma were now brought to bear.  Alexander erected a platform of great extent and strength directly opposite the new work, and after a severe and constant cannonade from this elevation, followed by a bloody action, the “Parma” fort was carried.  One thousand, at least, of the defenders fell, as, forced gradually from one defence to another, they saw the triple walls of their ravelin crumble successively before their eyes.  The tower was absolutely annihilated before they abandoned its ruins, and retired within their last defences.  Alexander being now master of the fosa and the defences of the Brussels gate, drew up a large force on both aides of that portal, along the margin of the moat, and began mining beneath the inner wall of the city.

Meantime, the garrison had been reduced to four hundred soldiers, nearly all of whom were wounded:  wearied and driven to despair, these soldiers were willing to treat.  The townspeople, however, answered the proposition with a shout of fury, and protested that they would destroy the garrison with their own hands if such an insinuation were repeated.  Sebastian Tappin, too, encouraged them with the hope of speedy relief, and held out to them the wretched consequences of trusting to the mercy of their foes.  The garrison took heart again, while that of the burghers and their wives had, never faltered.  Their main hope now was in a fortification which they had been constructing inside the Brussels gate —­a demilune of considerable strength.  Behind it was a breastwork of turf and masonry, to serve as a last bulwark when every other defence should be forced.  The whole had been surrounded by a foss thirty feet in depth, and the besiegers, as they mounted upon the breaches which they had at last effected in the outer curtain, near the Brussels gate, saw for the first time this new fortification.

The general condition of the defences, and the disposition of the inhabitants, had been revealed to Alexander by a deserter from the town.  Against this last fortress the last efforts of the foe were now directed.  Alexander ordered a bridge to be thrown across the city moat.  As it was sixty feet wide and as many deep, and lay directly beneath the guns of the new demilune, the enterprise was sufficiently hazardous.  Alexander led the way in person, with a mallet in one hand and a mattockin the other.  Two men fell dead instantly, one on his right hand and his left, while he calmly commenced, in his own person, the driving of the first piles for the bridge.  His soldiers fell fast around him.  Count Berlaymont was shot dead, many officers of distinction were killed or wounded, but no soldier dared recoil while their chieftain wrought amid the bullets like a common pioneer.  Alexander, unharmed, as by a miracle, never left the spot till the bridge had been constructed, and till ten great guns had been carried across it, and pointed against the demilune.  The battery was