against the Tyranny of the Spaniards and their adherents.”  He was to undertake no hostilities against Queen Elizabeth.  The states were to aid him, whenever it should become necessary, with the same amount of force with which he now assisted them.  He was to submit himself contentedly to the civil government of the country, in everything regarding its internal polity.  He was to make no special contracts or treaties with any cities or provinces of the Netherlands.  Should the states-general accept another prince as sovereign, the Duke was to be preferred to all others, upon conditions afterwards to be arranged.  All cities which might be conquered within the territory of the united provinces were to belong to the states.  Such places not in that territory, as should voluntarily surrender, were to be apportioned, by equal division, between the Duke and the states.  The Duke was to bring no foreign troops but French into the provinces.  The month of August was reserved, during which the states were, if possible, to make a composition with Don John.

These articles were certainly drawn up with skill.  A high-sounding but barren title, which gratified the Duke’s vanity and signified nothing, had been conferred upon him, while at the same time he was forbidden to make conquests or contracts, and was obliged to submit himself to the civil government of the country:  in short, he was to obey the Prince of Orange in all things—­and so here was another plot of the Prince’s enemies neutralized.  Thus, for the present at least, had the position of Anjou been defined.

As the month of August, during which it was agreed that negotiations with the Governor-General should remain open, had already half expired, certain articles, drawn up by the states-general, were at once laid before Don John.  Lord Cobham and Sir Francis Walsingham were then in the Netherlands, having been sent by Elizabeth for the purpose of effecting a pacification of the estates with the Governor, if possible.  They had also explained—­so far as an explanation was possible—­the assistance which the English government had rendered to the rebels, upon the ground that the French invasion could be prevented in no other way.  This somewhat lame apology had been passed over in silence rather than accepted by Don John.  In the same interview the envoys made an equally unsuccessful effort to induce the acceptance by the Governor of the terms offered by the states.  A further proposition, on their part, for an “Interim,” upon the plan attempted by Charles the Fifth in Germany, previously to the Peace of Passau, met with no more favor than it merited, for certainly that name—­which became so odious in Germany that cats and dogs were called “Interim” by the common people, in derision—­ was hardly a potent word to conjure with, at that moment, in the Netherlands.  They then expressed their intention of retiring to England, much grieved at the result of their mission.