of time and place, is not satisfactory.  Philip thoroughly understood the business of secret midnight murder.  We shall soon have occasion to relate the elaborate and ingenious method by which the assassination of Montigny was accomplished and kept a profound secret from the whole world, until the letters of the royal assassin, after three centuries’ repose, were exhumed, and the foul mystery revealed.  Philip was capable of any crime.  Moreover, in his letter to his aunt, Queen Catharine of Portugal, he distinctly declares himself, like Abraham, prepared to go all lengths in obedience to the Lord.  “I have chosen in this matter,” he said, “to make the sacrifice to God of my own flesh and blood, and to prefer His service and the universal welfare to all other human considerations.”  Whenever the letter to Pius V. sees the light, it will appear whether the sacrifice which the monarch thus made to his God proceeded beyond the imprisonment and condemnation of his son, or was completed by the actual immolation of the victim.

With regard to the Prince himself, it is very certain that, if he had lived, the realms of the Spanish Crown would have numbered one tyrant more.  Carlos from his earliest youth, was remarkable for the ferocity of his character.  The Emperor Charles was highly pleased with him, then about fourteen years of age, upon their first interview after the abdication.  He flattered himself that the lad had inherited his own martial genius together with his name.  Carlos took much interest in his grandfather’s account of his various battles, but when the flight from Innspruck was narrated, he repeated many times, with much vehemence, that he never would have fled; to which position he adhered, notwithstanding all the arguments of the Emperor, and very much to his amusement.  The young Prince was always fond of soldiers, and listened eagerly to discourses of war.  He was in the habit also of recording the names of any military persons who, according to custom, frequently made offers of their services to the heir apparent, and of causing them to take a solemn oath to keep their engagements.  No other indications of warlike talent, however, have been preserved concerning him.  “He was crafty, ambitious, cruel, violent,” says the envoy Suriano, “a hater of buffoons, a lover of soldiers.”  His natural cruelty seems to have been remarkable from his boyhood.  After his return from the chase, he was in the habit of cutting the throats of hares and other animals, and of amusing himself with their dying convulsions.  He also frequently took pleasure in roasting them alive.  He once received a present of a very large snake from some person who seemed to understand how to please this remarkable young prince.  After a time, however, the favorite reptile allowed itself to bite its master’s finger, whereupon Don Carlos immediately retaliated by biting off its head.