of the Church:  the holy inquisitors, with their officials and familiars, followed, all on horseback, with the blood-red flag of the “sacred office” waving above them, blazoned upon either side with the portraits of Alexander and of Ferdinand, the pair of brothers who had established the institution.  After the procession came the rabble.  When all had reached the neighborhood of the scaffold, and had been arranged in order, a sermon was preached to the assembled multitude.  It was filled with laudations of the inquisition, and with blasphemous revilings against the condemned prisoners.  Then the sentences were read to the individual victims.  Then the clergy chanted the fifty-first psalm, the whole vast throng uniting in one tremendous miserere.  If a priest happened to be among the culprits, he was now stripped of the canonicals which he had hitherto worn; while his hands, lips, and shaven crown were scraped with a bit of glass, by which process the oil of his consecration was supposed to be removed.  He was then thrown into the common herd.  Those of the prisoners who were reconciled, and those whose execution was not yet appointed, were now separated from the others.  The rest were compelled to mount a scaffold, where the executioner stood ready to conduct them to the fire.  The inquisitors then delivered them into his hands, with an ironical request that he would deal with them tenderly, and without blood-letting or injury.  Those who remained steadfast to the last were then burned at the stake; they who in the last extremity renounced their faith were strangled before being thrown into the flames.  Such was the Spanish inquisition—­technically—­so called:  It was, according’ to the biographer of Philip the Second, a “heavenly remedy, a guardian angel of Paradise, a lions’ den in which Daniel and other just men could sustain no injury, but in which perverse sinners were torn to pieces.”  It was a tribunal superior to all human law, without appeal, and certainly owing no allegiance to the powers of earth or heaven.  No rank, high or humble, was safe from its jurisdiction.  The royal family were not sacred, nor, the pauper’s hovel.  Even death afforded no protection.  The holy office invaded the prince in his palace and the beggar in his shroud.  The corpses of dead heretics were mutilated and burned.  The inquisitors preyed upon carcases and rifled graves.  A gorgeous festival of the holy office had, as we have seen, welcomed Philip to his native land.  The news of these tremendous autos-da fe, in which so many illustrious victims had been sacrificed before their sovereign’s eyes, had reached the Netherlands almost simultaneously with the bulls creating the new bishoprics in the provinces.  It was not likely that the measure would be rendered more palatable by this intelligence of the royal amusements.