Can the enthronement of Joash, as on a former occasion that of Solomon, possibly have been accomplished by the agency of the bodyguard of the kings of Judah?  Is it possible that the high priest should have made a covenant with the captains within the house of Jehovah, and himself have held out the inducement to those half-pagan mercenaries to penetrate into the temple precincts?  That were indeed an outrage upon the Law not lightly to be imputed to so holy a man!  Why then did not Jehoiada make use of his own guard, the myriads of Levites who were at his command?  Such a course was the only right one, and therefore that which was followed.  “No one shall come into the house of Jehovah save the priests and they of the Levites that minister:”  in accordance with this fundamental principle stated by himself (xxiii. 6; comp ver. 7 INTO THE HOUSE instead of WITHIN THE RANKS), our pious historian substitutes his priests and Levites for the Carians and runners.  Hereby also Jehoiada comes into the place that belongs to him as sovereign of the sanctuary and of the congregation.  He therefore needs no longer to set on foot in secret a conspiracy with the chiefs of the body-guard, but through his own spiritual officers calls together the Levites and heads of houses from all the cities of Judah into the temple, and causes the whole assemblage there to enter into a covenant with the young king.  The glaring inconsistencies inevitably produced by the new colouring thus given to individual parts of the old picture must simply be taken as part of the bargain.  If Jehoiada has unrestricted sway over such a force and sets about his revolution with the utmost publicity, then it is he and not Athaliah who has the substance of power; why then all this trouble about the deposition of the tyrant?  Out of mere delight in Levitical pomp and high solemnities?  What moreover is to be done with the captains who are retained in xxiii. 1, 9, and in ver. 14 are even called officers of the host as in 2Kings xi 15, after their soldiers have been taken from them or metamorphosed?  Had the Levites a military organisation, and, divided into three companies, did they change places every week in the temple service?  The commentators are inclined to call in to their aid such inventive assumptions, with which, however, they may go on for ever without attaining their end, for the error multiplies itself.  As a specially striking instance of the manner in which the procedure of Chronicles avenges itself may be mentioned chapter xxiii. 8:  “and they took each his men,” &c.  The words are taken from 2Kings xi. 9, but there refer to the captains, while here the antecedents are the Levites and all the men of Judah—­as if each one of these last had a company of his own which entered upon service, or left it, every Sabbath day.