but, practically, crystallized masses throw themselves
into one of the three groups we have been examining
to-day; and appear either as Needles, as Folia, or
as Knots; when they are in needles (or fibers), they
make the stones or rocks formed out of them “Fibrous;”
when they are in folia, they make them “Foliated;”
when they are in knots (or grains), “Granular.”
Fibrous rocks are comparatively rare, in mass; but
fibrous minerals are innumerable; and it is often
a question which really no one but a young lady could
possibly settle, whether one should call the fibers
composing them “threads” or “needles.”
Here is amianthus, for instance, which is quite as
fine and soft as any cotton thread you ever sewed
with; and here is sulphide of bismuth, with sharper
points and brighter luster than your finest needles
have; and fastened in white webs of quartz more delicate
than your finest lace; and here is sulphide of antimony,
which looks like mere purple wool, but it is all of
purple needle crystals; and here is red oxide of copper
(you must not breathe on it as you look, or you may
blow some of the films of it off the stone), which
is simply a woven tissue of scarlet silk. However,
these finer thread-forms are comparatively rare, while
the bolder and needle-like crystals occur constantly;
so that, I believe, “Needle-crystal”
is the best word (the grand one is, “Acicular
crystal,” but Sibyl will tell you it is all
the same, only less easily understood; and therefore
more scientific). Then the Leaf-crystals, as
I said, form an immense mass of foliated rocks; and
the Granular crystals, which are of many kinds, form
essentially granular, or granitic and porphyritic
rocks; and it is always a point of more interest to
me (and I think will ultimately be to you), to consider
the causes which force a given mineral to take any
one of these three general forms, than what the peculiar
geometrical limitations are, belonging to its own crystals.
[Footnote: Note iv.] It is more interesting to
me, for instance, to try and find out why the red
oxide of copper, usually crystallizing in cubes or
octahedrons, makes itself exquisitely, out of its
cubes, into this red silk in one particular Cornish
mine, than what are the absolutely necessary angles
of the octahedron, which is its common form.
At all events, that mathematical part of crystallography
is quite beyond girls’ strength; but these questions
of the various tempers and manners of crystals are
not only comprehensible by you, but full of the most
curious teaching for you. For in the fulfillment,
to the best of their power, of their adopted form
under given circumstances, there are conditions entirely
resembling those of human virtue; and indeed expressible
under no term so proper as that of the Virtue, or
Courage of crystals;—which, if you are not
afraid of the crystals making you ashamed of yourselves,
we will by to get some notion of, to-morrow.
But it will be a bye-lecture, and more about yourselves
than the minerals. Don’t come unless you
like.