At A Nation’s Crisis

The Pony Express was the first rapid transit and the first fast mail line across the continent from the Missouri River to the Pacific Coast.  It was a system by means of which messages were carried swiftly on horseback across the plains and deserts, and over the mountains of the far West.  It brought the Atlantic coast and the Pacific slope ten days nearer to each other.

It had a brief existence of only sixteen months and was supplanted by the transcontinental telegraph.  Yet it was of the greatest importance in binding the East and West together at a time when overland travel was slow and cumbersome, and when a great national crisis made the rapid communication of news between these sections an imperative necessity.

The Pony Express marked the highest development in overland travel prior to the coming of the Pacific railroad, which it preceded nine years.  It, in fact, proved the feasibility of a transcontinental road and demonstrated that such a line could be built and operated continuously the year around — a feat that had always been regarded as impossible.

The operation of the Pony Express was a supreme achievement of physical endurance on the part of man and his ever faithful companion, the horse.  The history of this organization should be a lasting monument to the physical sacrifice of man and beast in an effort to accomplish something worth while.  Its history should be an enduring tribute to American courage and American organizing genius.

The fall of Fort Sumter in April, 1861, did not produce the Civil War crisis.  For many months, the gigantic struggle then imminent, had been painfully discernible to far-seeing men.  In 1858, Lincoln had forewarned the country in his “House Divided” speech.  As early as the beginning of the year 1860 the Union had been plainly in jeopardy.  Early in February of that momentous year, Jefferson Davis, on behalf of the South, had introduced his famous resolutions in the Senate of the United States.  This document was the ultimatum of the dissatisfied slave-holding commonwealths.  It demanded that Congress should protect slavery throughout the domain of the United States.  The territories, it declared, were the common property of the states of the Union and hence open to the citizens of all states with all their personal possessions.  The Northern states, furthermore, were no longer to interfere with the working of the Fugitive Slave Act.  They must repeal their Personal Liberty laws and respect the Dred Scott Decision of the Federal Supreme Court.  Neither in their own legislatures nor in Congress should they trespass upon the right of the South to regulate slavery as it best saw fit.

These resolutions, demanding in effect that slavery be thus safeguarded - almost to the extent of introducing it into the free states — really foreshadowed the Democratic platform of 1860 which led to the great split in that party, the victory of the Republicans under Lincoln, the subsequent secession of the more radical southern states, and finally the Civil War, for it was inevitable that the North, when once aroused, would bitterly resent such pro-slavery demands.