than the state of praedial slavery, or serfs attached to the glebe, when Malabar was under the dominion of the “mild Hindu.”  And as a rule in the East it is only the domestic slaves who taste the sweets of slavery.  Yet there is truth in Sonnini’s terrible remark:  “The severe treatment under which the slaves languish in the West Indies is the shameful prerogative of civilisation, and is unknown to those nations among whom barbarism is reported to hold sway.” (Travels in Upper and Lower Egypt, vol. ii.) [FN#20] The author has forgotten to mention one of the principal advantages of slaves, namely, the prospect of arriving at the highest rank of the empire.  The Pasha of the Syrian caravan with which I travelled to Damascus, had been the slave of a slave, and he is but a solitary instance of cases perpetually occuring in all Moslem lands.  “C’est un homme de bonne famille,” said a Turkish officer in Egypt, “il a ete achete.” [FN#21] A “Barbarian” from Nubia and Upper Egypt.  Some authorities, Mr. Lane for instance, attribute the good reputation of these people to their superior cunning.  Sonnini says, “they are intelligent and handy servants, but knaves.”  Others believe in them.  As far as I could find out, they were generally esteemed more honest than the Egyptians, and they certainly possess a certain sense of honour unknown to their northern brethren.  “Berberi” is a term of respect; “Masri” (corrupted from Misri) in the mouth of a Badawi or an Arab of Arabia is a reproach.  “He shall be called an Egyptian,” means “he shall belong to a degraded race.” [FN#22] Who becomes responsible, and must pay for any theft his protege may commit.  Berberis, being generally “les Suisses” of respectable establishments, are expected to be honest.  But I can assert from experience that, as a native, you will never recover the value of a stolen article without having recourse to the police.  For his valuable security, the Shaykh demands a small fee (7 or 8 piastres), which, despite the urgent remonstrances of protector and protege, you deduct from the latter’s wages.  The question of pay is a momentous one; too much always spoils a good servant, too little leaves you without one.  An Egyptian of the middle class would pay his Berberi about 40 piastres a month, besides board, lodging, some small perquisites, and presents on certain occasions.  This, however, will not induce a man to travel, especially to cross the sea. [FN#23] A man from the Sa’id or Upper Egypt. [FN#24] A favourite way of annoying the Berberis is to repeat the saying, “we have eaten the clean, we have eaten the unclean,"-meaning, that they are by no means cunning in the difference between right and wrong, pure and impure.  I will relate the origin of the saying, as I heard it differently, from Mansfield Parkyns, (Life in Abyssinia, chap. 31.) A Berberi, said my informant, had been carefully fattening a fine sheep for a feast, when his cottage was burned by an accident.  In the ashes he found roasted