[FN#1] The Baradiyah or gugglets of Al-Madinah are large and heavy, of a reddish-grey colour, and celebrated for cooling water, a property not possessed by those of Meccan fabric. [FN#2] I afterwards found reason to doubt this location.  Ibn Jubayr (12th century), places it an arrow-shot from the Westward wall of Al-Madinah, and seems to have seen it.  M.C. de Perceval states, I know not upon whose authority, that it was dug to protect the North-west, the North, and the North-eastern sides of the town:  this is rendered highly improbable by the features of the ground.  The learned are generally agreed that all traces of the moat had disappeared before our 15th century. [FN#3] In Egypt, the lower branches of the date are lopped off about Christmas time to increase the flavour of the fruit; and the people believe that without this “Taklim,” as it is called, the tree would die.  In Upper Egypt, however, as at Al-Madinah, the fronds are left untouched. [FN#4] The visitor from Al-Madinah would be badly received by the women of his family, if he did not present them on his return with a few boxes of dates, some strings of the same fruit, and skins full of henna powder.  Even the Olema allow such articles to be carried away, although they strictly forbid keepsakes of earth or stone. [FN#5] This fruit must not be confounded with the enucleated conserve of dates, which in Arabia, as in Egypt, is known by the name of Ajwah.  The Arabs infinitely despise the stuff sold at Alexandria and Cairo, declaring that it is fit only for cows.  The Ajwah of the Oases, particularly of Siwah, is of excellent quality. [FN#6] So in A.D. 1272 the Crucifix spoke to St. Thomas Aquinas.  Superstitions are of no age or country. [FN#7] At Al-Madinah-12 Dirhams--------------(drams)------------------make 1 Wukkiyah (ounce). 20 Wukkiyah-------------------------------------------1 Ratl (pound). 33 Wukkiyah and 3-------(drams)-----------------------1 Wukkah (less than 2 lbs). 4 Wukkah---------------------------------------------1 Mudd. 24 Mudd-----------------------------------------------1 Ardeb.  This Ratl, or pound, is the larger one applied to particular articles of commerce-such as meat, vegetables, and clarified butter; coffee, rice, soap, &c., are sold by the smaller Ratl of Meccah, equal to 140 dirhams.  In Egypt, the Ratl is 144 Dirhams or 12 Wukkiyahs,-about 1 lb. 2 oz. and 8 dwts. troy. [FN#8] “Necklace of Syria.”  I was told they derive this name from the place where they are made.  “Al-Safra” (on the Meccah road) being also called Al-Sham (Damascus). [FN#9] This is a translation of the Arab word “Tazkir,” which is certainly more appropriate than our “caprification” applied to dates. [FN#10] The male tree is known by its sterility.  In some countries only the fecundating pollen is scattered over the female flower, and this doubtless must have been Nature’s method of impregnating the date. [FN#11] The resemblance is probably produced by the similarity of treatment.  At Al-Madinah,