This sturdy lad, who was born to a life of unremitting toil, was already doing a man’s work.  From the time he was four years old, away back on the Kentucky farm, he had contributed his share to the family labors.  Picking berries, dropping seeds, and doing other simple tasks suited to his strength, he had thus early begun his apprenticeship to toil.  In putting up the “half-faced” camp, he was his father’s principal helper.  Afterward, when they built a more, substantial cabin to take the place of the camp, he learned to handle an ax, a maul, and a wedge.  He helped to fell trees, fashion logs, split rails, and do other important work in building the one-roomed cabin, which was to be the permanent home of the family.  He assisted also in making the rough tables and chairs and the one rude bedstead or bed frame which constituted the principal furniture of the cabin.  In his childhood Abraham did not enjoy the luxury of sleeping on a bedstead.  His bed was simply a heap of dry leaves, which occupied a corner of the loft over the cabin.  He climbed to it every night by a stepladder, or rather a number of pegs driven into the wall.

Rough and poor and full of hardship as his life was, Lincoln was by no means a sad or unhappy boy.  On the contrary, he was full of fun and boyish pranks.  His life in the open air, the vigorous exercise of every muscle which necessity forced upon him, the tonic of the forests which he breathed from his infancy, his interest in every living and growing thing about him,—­all helped to make him unusually strong, healthy, buoyant, and rich in animal spirits.

The first great sorrow of his life came to him in the death of his dearly loved mother in 1818.  The boy mourned for her as few children mourn even for the most loving parent.  Day after day he went from the home made desolate by her death to weep on her grave under the near-by trees.

There were no churches in the Indiana wilderness, and the visits of wandering ministers of religion to the scattered settlements were few and far between.  Little Abraham was grieved that no funeral service had been held over his dead mother.  He felt that it was in some sense a lack of respect to her.  He thought a great deal about the matter, and finally wrote a letter to a minister named Elkins, whom the family had known in Kentucky.  Several months after the receipt of the letter Parson Elkins came to Indiana.  On the Sabbath morning after his arrival, in the presence of friends who had come long distances to assist, he read the funeral service over the grave of Mrs. Lincoln.  He also spoke in touching words of the tender Christian mother who lay buried there.  This simple service greatly comforted the heart of the lonely boy.

Some time after Thomas Lincoln brought a new mother to his children from Kentucky.  This was Mrs. Sally Bush Johnston, a young widow, who had been a girlhood friend of Nancy Hanks.  She had three children,—­John, Sarah, and Matilda Johnston,—­who accompanied her to Indiana.  The second Mrs. Lincoln brought a stock of household goods and furniture with her from Kentucky, and with the help of these made so many improvements in the rude log cabin that her stepchildren regarded her as a sort of magician or wonder worker.  She was a good mother to them, intelligent, kind, and loving.