and rather to punish him severely for his deficiency in it, than to reward him for his attainments.  She has so contrived his frame, that nothing but the most violent necessity can oblige him to labour; and she employs all his other wants to overcome, at least in part, the want of diligence, and to endow him with some share of a faculty of which she has thought fit naturally to bereave him.  Here our demands may be allowed very humble, and therefore the more reasonable.  If we required the endowments of superior penetration and judgement, of a more delicate taste of beauty, of a nicer sensibility to benevolence and friendship; we might be told, that we impiously pretend to break the order of Nature; that we want to exalt ourselves into a higher rank of being; that the presents which we require, not being suitable to our state and condition, would only be pernicious to us.  But it is hard; I dare to repeat it, it is hard, that being placed in a world so full of wants and necessities, where almost every being and element is either our foe or refuses its assistance ... we should also have our own temper to struggle with, and should be deprived of that faculty which can alone fence against these multiplied evils.

The fourth circumstance, whence arises the misery and ill of the universe, is the inaccurate workmanship of all the springs and principles of the great machine of nature.  It must be acknowledged, that there are few parts of the universe, which seem not to serve some purpose, and whose removal would not produce a visible defect and disorder in the whole.  The parts hang all together; nor can one be touched without affecting the rest, in a greater or less degree.  But at the same time, it must be observed, that none of these parts or principles, however useful, are so accurately adjusted, as to keep precisely within those bounds in which their utility consists; but they are, all of them, apt, on every occasion, to run into the one extreme or the other.  One would imagine, that this grand production had not received the last hand of the maker; so little finished is every part, and so coarse are the strokes with which it is executed.  Thus, the winds are requisite to convey the vapours along the surface of the globe, and to assist men in navigation:  but how oft, rising up to tempests and hurricanes, do they become pernicious?  Rains are necessary to nourish all the plants and animals of the earth:  but how often are they defective? how often excessive?  Heat is requisite to all life and vegetation; but is not always found in the due proportion.  On the mixture and secretion of the humours and juices of the body depend the health and prosperity of the animal:  but the parts perform not regularly their proper function.  What more useful than all the passions of the mind, ambition, vanity, love, anger?  But how oft do they break their bounds, and cause the greatest convulsions in society?  There is nothing so advantageous in the universe, but what frequently becomes pernicious, by its excess or defect; nor has Nature guarded, with the requisite accuracy, against all disorder or confusion.  The irregularity is never perhaps so great as to destroy any species; but is often sufficient to involve the individuals in ruin and misery.