is benefited by your getting out the gold, I do not intend to interfere.”  I understood, afterward, that from that time the payment of the tithes ceased, but Brannan had already collected enough money wherewith to hire Sutter’s hospital, and to open a store there, in which he made more money than any merchant in California, during that summer and fall.  The understanding was, that the money collected by him as tithes was the foundation of his fortune, which is still very large in San Francisco.  That evening we all mingled freely with the miners, and witnessed the process of cleaning up and “panning” out, which is the last process for separating the pure gold from the fine dirt and black sand.

The next day we continued our journey up the valley of the American Fork, stopping at various camps, where mining was in progress; and about noon we reached Coloma, the place where gold had been first discovered.  The hills were higher, and the timber of better quality.  The river was narrower and bolder, and but few miners were at work there, by reason of Marshall’s and Sutter’s claim to the site.  There stood the sawmill unfinished, the dam and tail-race just as they were left when the Mormons ceased work.  Marshall and Wimmer’s family of wife and half a dozen children were there, guarding their supposed treasure; living in a house made of clapboards.  Here also we were shown many specimens of gold, of a coarser grain than that found at Mormon Island.  The next day we crossed the American River to its north side, and visited many small camps of men, in what were called the “dry diggings.”  Little pools of water stood in the beds of the streams, and these were used to wash the dirt; and there the gold was in every conceivable shape and size, some of the specimens weighing several ounces.  Some of these “diggings” were extremely rich, but as a whole they were more precarious in results than at the river.  Sometimes a lucky fellow would hit on a “pocket,” and collect several thousand dollars in a few days, and then again he would be shifting about from place to place, “prospecting,” and spending all he had made.  Little stores were being opened at every point, where flour, bacon, etc., were sold; every thing being a dollar a pound, and a meal usually costing three dollars.  Nobody paid for a bed, for he slept on the ground, without fear of cold or rain.  We spent nearly a week in that region, and were quite bewildered by the fabulous tales of recent discoveries, which at the time were confined to the several forks of the American and Yuba Rivers.’  All this time our horses had nothing to eat but the sparse grass in that region, and we were forced to work our way down toward the Sacramento Valley, or to see our animals perish.  Still we contemplated a visit to the Yuba and Feather Rivers, from which we had heard of more wonderful “diggings;” but met a courier, who announced the arrival of a ship at Monterey, with dispatches of great importance from Mazatlan.  We accordingly