When I left the National line to visit Flag-officer Foote I had no idea that there would be any engagement on land unless I brought it on myself.  The conditions for battle were much more favorable to us than they had been for the first two days of the investment.  From the 12th to the 14th we had but 15,000 men of all arms and no gunboats.  Now we had been reinforced by a fleet of six naval vessels, a large division of troops under General L. Wallace and 2,500 men brought over from Fort Henry belonging to the division of C. F. Smith.  The enemy, however, had taken the initiative.  Just as I landed I met Captain Hillyer of my staff, white with fear, not for his personal safety, but for the safety of the National troops.  He said the enemy had come out of his lines in full force and attacked and scattered McClernand’s division, which was in full retreat.  The roads, as I have said, were unfit for making fast time, but I got to my command as soon as possible.  The attack had been made on the National right.  I was some four or five miles north of our left.  The line was about three miles long.  In reaching the point where the disaster had occurred I had to pass the divisions of Smith and Wallace.  I saw no sign of excitement on the portion of the line held by Smith; Wallace was nearer the scene of conflict and had taken part in it.  He had, at an opportune time, sent Thayer’s brigade to the support of McClernand and thereby contributed to hold the enemy within his lines.

I saw everything favorable for us along the line of our left and centre.  When I came to the right appearances were different.  The enemy had come out in full force to cut his way out and make his escape.  McClernand’s division had to bear the brunt of the attack from this combined force.  His men had stood up gallantly until the ammunition in their cartridge-boxes gave out.  There was abundance of ammunition near by lying on the ground in boxes, but at that stage of the war it was not all of our commanders of regiments, brigades, or even divisions, who had been educated up to the point of seeing that their men were constantly supplied with ammunition during an engagement.  When the men found themselves without ammunition they could not stand up against troops who seemed to have plenty of it.  The division broke and a portion fled, but most of the men, as they were not pursued, only fell back out of range of the fire of the enemy.  It must have been about this time that Thayer pushed his brigade in between the enemy and those of our troops that were without ammunition.  At all events the enemy fell back within his intrenchments and was there when I got on the field.