‘You think them so degraded?’

’It is impossible, without seeming inhumanly scornful, to give a just account of their ignorance and baseness.  The two things, speaking generally, go together.  Of the ignorant, there are very few indeed who can think purely or aspiringly.  You, of course, object the teaching of Christianity; but the lowly and the humble of whom it speaks scarcely exist, scarcely can exist, in our day and country.  A ludicrous pretence of education is banishing every form of native simplicity.  In the large towns, the populace sink deeper and deeper into a vicious vulgarity, and every rural district is being affected by the spread of contagion.  To flatter the proletariat is to fight against all the good that still characterises educated England—­against reverence for the beautiful, against magnanimity, against enthusiasm of mind, heart, and soul.’

He quivered with vehemence of feeling, and the flush which rose to his hearer’s cheek, the swimming brightness of her eye, proved that a strong sympathy stirred within her.

‘I know nothing of the uneducated in towns,’ she said, ’but the little I have seen of them in country places certainly supports your opinion.  I could point to two or three families who have suffered distinct degradation owing to what most people call an improvement in their circumstances.  Father often speaks of such instances, comparing the state of things now with what he can remember.’

‘My own experience,’ pursued Godwin, ’has been among the lower classes in London.  I don’t mean the very poorest, of whom one hears so much nowadays; I never went among them because I had no power of helping them, and the sight of their vileness would only have moved me to unjust hatred.  But the people who earn enough for their needs, and whose spiritual guide is the Sunday newspaper—­I know them, because for a long time I was obliged to lodge in their houses.  Only a consuming fire could purify the places where they dwell.  Don’t misunderstand me; I am not charging them with what are commonly held vices and crimes, but with the consistent love of everything that is ignoble, with utter deadness to generous impulse, with the fatal habit of low mockery.  And these are the people who really direct the democratic movement.  They set the tone in politics; they are debasing art and literature; even the homes of wealthy people begin to show the effects of their influence.  One hears men and women of gentle birth using phrases which originate with shopboys; one sees them reading print which is addressed to the coarsest million.  They crowd to entertainments which are deliberately adapted to the lowest order of mind.  When commercial interest is supreme, how can the tastes of the majority fail to lead and control?’