CHAPTER VII.  THE CABINET

Art. 78.  The Cabinet shall be composed of the Cabinet Ministers.

Art. 79.  The Premier and the Ministers of the various ministries shall be called the Cabinet Ministers.

Art. 80.  The appointment of the Premier shall be approved by the House of Representatives.

Should a vacancy in the Premiership occur during the time of adjournment of the National Assembly, the President may appoint an Acting-Premier, but it shall be required that the appointment must be submitted to the House of Representatives for approval within seven days after the convening of the next session.

Art. 81.  Cabinet Ministers shall assist the President and shall be responsible to the House of Representatives.

Without the counter-signature of the Cabinet Minister to whose Ministry the Mandate or dispatch applies, the mandate or dispatch of the President in connection with State affairs shall not be valid; but this shall not apply to the appointment or dismissal of the Premier.

Art. 82.  When a vote of want of confidence in the Cabinet Ministers is passed, if the President does not dissolve the House of Representatives according to the provisions made in Art. 75, he should remove the Cabinet Ministers.

Art. 83.  The Cabinet Ministers shall be allowed to attend both Houses and make speeches, but in case of introducing bills for the Executive Department, their delegates may act for them.

CHAPTER VIII.  COURTS OF JUSTICE

Art. 84.  The Judicial authority of the Republic of China shall be exercised by the Courts of Justice exclusively.

Art. 85.  The organization of the Courts of Justice and the qualifications of the Judges shall be fixed by law.

The appointment of the Chief-Justice of the Supreme Court should have the approval of the Senate.  Art. 86.  The Judiciary shall attend to and settle all civil, criminal administrative and other cases, but this does not include those cases which have been specially provided for by the Constitution or law.

Art. 87.  The trial of cases in the law courts shall be conducted publicly, but those affecting public peace and order or propriety may be held in camera.

Art. 88.  The Judges shall be independent in the conducting of trials and none shall be allowed to interfere.

Art. 89.  Except in accordance with law, judges, during their continuation of office shall not have their emoluments decreased, nor be transferred to other offices, nor shall they be removed from office.

During his tenure of office, no judge shall be deprived of his office unless he is convicted of crime, or for offences punishable by law.  But the above does not include cases of reorganization of Judicial Courts and when the qualification of the Judges are modified.  The punishments and fines of the Judicial Officials shall be fixed by law.