representing a crown of pines and pine leaves in a wonderful state of preservation.  The whole is so artistically arranged and so natural, that one might believe it to be one of Luca della Robbia’s works.  Luzzara has also a great tower, which I had seen in the distance from Dosalo, and the only albergo in the place gives you an excellent Italian dinner.  The wine might please one of the greatest admirers of sherry, and if you are not given feather beds, the beds are at least clean like the rooms themselves.  Here, as it was getting too dark, I decided upon stopping, a decision which gave me occasion to see one of the finest sunsets I ever saw.  As I looked from the albergo I could see a gradation of colours, from the purple red to the deepest of sea blue, rising like an immense tent from the dark green of the trees and the fields, here and there dotted with little white houses, with their red roofs, while in front the Luzzara Tower rose majestically in the twilight.  As the hour got later the colours deepened, and the lower end of the immense curtain gradually disappeared, while the stars and the planets began shining high above.  A peasant was singing in a field near by, and the bells of a church were chiming in the distance.  Both seemed to harmonise wonderfully.  It was a scene of great loveliness.

At four a.m.  I was up, and soon after on the road to Reggiolo, and then to Gonzaga.  Here the vegetation gets to be more luxuriant, and every inch of ground contributes to the immense vastness of the whole.  Nature is here in full perfection, and as even the telegraphic wire hangs leisurely down from tree to tree, instead of being stuck upon poles, you feel that the romantic aspect of the place is too beautiful to be encroached upon.  All is peace, beauty, and happiness, all reveals to you that you are in Italy.

In Gonzaga, which only a few days ago belonged to the Austrians, the Italian tricolour is out of every window.  As the former masters retired the new advanced; and when a detachment of Monferrato lancers entered the old castle town the joy of the inhabitants seemed to be almost bordering on delirium.  The lancers soon left, however.  The flag only remains.

July 11.

Cialdini began passing the Po on the 8th, and crossed at three points, i.e., Carbonara, Carbonarola, and Follonica.  Beginning at three o’clock in the morning, he had finished crossing upon the two first pontoon bridges towards midnight on the 9th.  The bridge thrown up at Follonica was still intact up to seven in the morning on the 10th, but the troops and the military and the civil train that remained followed the Po without crossing to Stellata, in the supposed direction of Ponte Lagoscura.