towards the front of Bixio’s position, and, once in the presence of this general, bade him surrender.  Those who are not personally acquainted with Bixio cannot form an idea of the impression this bold demand must have made on him.  I have been told that, on hearing the word ‘surrender,’ his face turned suddenly pale, then flushed like purple, and darting at the Austrian messenger, said, ’Major, if you dare to pronounce once more the word surrender in my presence, I tell you—­and Bixio always keeps his word—­that I will have you shot at once.’  The Austrian officer had scarcely reached the general who had sent him, than Bixio, rapidly moving his division, fell with such impetuosity on the Austrian column, which were ascending the hill, that they were thrown pellmell in the valley, causing the greatest confusion amongst their reserve.  Bixio himself led his men, and with his aides-de-camp, Cavaliere Filippo Fermi, Count Martini, and Colonel Malenchini, all Tuscans, actually charged the enemy.  I have been told that, on hearing this episode, Garibaldi said, ’I am not at all surprised, for Bixio is the best general I have made.’  Once the enemy was repulsed, Bixio was ordered to manoeuvre so as to cover the backward movement of the army, which was orderly and slowly retiring on the Mincio.  Assisted by the co-operation of the heavy cavalry, commanded by General Count de Sonnaz, Bixio covered the retreat, and during the night occupied Goito, a position which he held till the evening of the 27th.

In consequence of the concentrating movement of the Italian army which I have mentioned at the beginning of this letter, the fourth army corps (Cialdini’s) still holds the line of the Po.  If I am rightly informed, the decree for the formation of the fourth army corps was signed by the king yesterday.  This corps is that of Garibaldi, and is about 40,000 strong.  An officer who has just returned from Milan told me this morning that he had had an opportunity of speaking with the Austrian prisoners sent from Milan to the fortress of Finestrelle in Piedmont.  Amongst them was an officer of a uhlan regiment, who had all the appearance of belonging to some aristocratic family of Austrian Poland.  Having been asked if he thought Austria had really gained the battle on the 24th, he answered:  ’I do not know if the illusions of the Austrian army go so far as to induce it to believe it has obtained a victory—­I do not believe it.  He who loves Austria cannot, however, wish she should obtain such victories, for they are the victories of Pyrrhus!

There is at Verona some element in the Austrian councils of war which we don’t understand, but which gives to their operations in this present phase of the campaign just as uncertain and as vacillating a character as it possessed during the campaign of 1859.  On Friday they are still beyond the Mincio, and on Saturday their small fleet on the Lake of Garda steams up to Desenzano, and opens fire against this defenceless