A History of Greek Art eBook

This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 181 pages of information about A History of Greek Art.

A History of Greek Art eBook

This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 181 pages of information about A History of Greek Art.

The capital shown in Fig. 66 is a special variety of the Ionic capital, of rather rare occurrence.  Its distinguishing features are the insertion between ovolo and spiral roll of a torus ornamented with a braided pattern, called a guilloche; the absence of the palmettes from the corners formed by the spiral roll; and the fact that the channel of the roll is double instead of single, which gives a more elaborate character to that member.  Finally, in the Erechtheum the upper part or necking of the shaft is enriched with an exquisitely wrought band of floral ornament, the so-called honeysuckle pattern.  This feature is met with in some other examples.

As in the Doric style, so in the Ionic, the anta-capital is quite unlike the column-capital.  Fig. 68 shows an anta-capital from the Erechtheum, with an adjacent portion of the wall-band; cf. also Fig. 69.  Perhaps it is inaccurate in this case to speak of an anta-capital at all, seeing that the anta simply shares the moldings which crown the wall.  The floral frieze under the moldings is, however, somewhat more elaborate on the anta than on the adjacent wall.  The Ionic method of ceiling a peristyle or portico may be partly seen in Fig 69.  The principal ceiling-beams here rest upon the architrave, instead of upon the frieze, as in a Doric building (cf.  Fig. 56).  Above were the usual coffered slabs.  The same illustration shows a well-preserved and finely proportioned doorway, but unfortunately leaves the details of its ornamentation indistinct.

The Ionic order was much used in the Greek cities of Asia Minor for peripteral temples.  The most considerable remains of such buildings, at Ephesus, Priene, etc., belong to the fourth century or later.  In Greece proper there is no known instance of a peripteral Ionic temple, but the order was sometimes used for small prostyle and amphiprostyle buildings, such as the Temple of Wingless Victory in Athens (Fig. 70).  Furthermore, Ionic columns were sometimes employed in the interior of Doric temples, as at Bassae in Arcadia and (probably) in the temple built by Scopas at Tegea.  In the Propylaea or gateway of the Athenian Acropolis we even find the Doric and Ionic orders juxtaposed, the exterior architecture being Doric and the interior Ionic, with no wall to separate them.  One more interesting occurrence of the Ionic order in Greece proper may be mentioned, viz., in the Philippeum at Olympia (about 336 B.C.).  This is a circular building, surrounded by an Ionic colonnade.  Still other types of building afforded opportunity enough for the employment of this style.

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A History of Greek Art from Project Gutenberg. Public domain.