for Brazos, intending to cross the Rio Grande and assert his claims with arms.  While he was scheming in New Orleans, however, I had learned what he was up to, and in advance of his departure had sent instructions to have him arrested on American soil.  Colonel Sedgwick, commanding at Brownsville, was now temporary master of Matamoras also, by reason of having stationed some American troops there for the protection of neutral merchants, so when Ortega appeared at Brazos, Sedgwick quietly arrested him and held him till the city of Matamoras was turned over to General Escobedo, the authorized representative of Juarez; then Escobedo took charge, of Ortega, and with ease prevented his further machinations.

During the winter and spring of 1866 we continued covertly supplying arms and ammunition to the Liberals—­sending as many as 30,000 muskets from Baton Rouge Arsenal alone—­and by mid-summer Juarez, having organized a pretty good sized army, was in possession of the whole line of the Rio Grande, and, in fact, of nearly the whole of Mexico down to San Louis Potosi.  Then thick and fast came rumors pointing to the tottering condition of Maximilian’s Empire-first, that Orizaba and Vera Cruz were being fortified; then, that the French were to be withdrawn; and later came the intelligence that the Empress Carlotta had gone home to beg assistance from Napoleon, the author of all of her husband’s troubles.  But the situation forced Napoleon to turn a deaf ear to Carlotta’s prayers.  The brokenhearted woman besought him on her knees, but his fear of losing an army made all pleadings vain.  In fact, as I ascertained by the following cablegram which came into my hands, Napoleon’s instructions for the French evacuation were in Mexico at the very time of this pathetic scene between him and Carlotta.  The despatch was in cipher when I received it, but was translated by the telegraph operator at my headquarters, who long before had mastered the key of the French cipher: 

“Paris, January 10, 1867.  French Consul, New Orleans, La.

“To general CASTELNAU, at Mexico.

“Received your despatch of the 9th December.  Do not compel the Emperor to abdicate, but do not delay the departure of the troops; bring back all those who will not remain there.  Most of the fleet has left.

“Napoleon.”

This meant the immediate withdrawal of the French.  The rest of the story—­which has necessarily been but in outline—­is soon told.  Maximilian, though deserted, determined to hold out to the last, and with the aid of disloyal Mexicans stuck to his cause till the spring.  When taken prisoner at Queretaro, he was tried and executed under circumstances that are well known.  From promptings of humanity Secretary Seward tried hard to save the Imperial prisoner, but without success.  The Secretary’s plea for mercy was sent through me at New Orleans, and to make speed I hired a steamer to proceed with it across the Gulf to Tampico.  The document was carried by Sergeant White, one of my scouts, who crossed the country from Tampico, and delivered it to Escobedo at Queretaro; but Mr. Seward’s representations were without avail—­refused probably because little mercy had been shown certain Liberal leaders unfortunate enough to fall into Maximilian’s hands during the prosperous days of his Empire.