number of such hybrids between Verbascum thapsus and lychnitis found growing wild:  ’Journal of Linnean Society Botany’ volume 10 page 451.) Nevertheless the present species is perfectly self-fertile, if insects are excluded; for a plant protected by a net was as thickly loaded with fine capsules as the surrounding uncovered plants.  Verbascum lychnitis is rather less self-fertile, for some protected plants did not yield quite so many capsules as the adjoining uncovered plants.

Plants of Verbascum thapsus had been raised for a distinct purpose from self-fertilised seeds; and some flowers on these plants were again self-fertilised, yielding seed of the second self-fertilised generation; and other flowers were crossed with pollen from a distinct plant.  The seeds thus produced were sown on the opposite sides of four large pots.  They germinated, however, so irregularly (the crossed seedlings generally coming up first) that I was able to save only six pairs of equal age.  These when in full flower were measured, as in Table 3/25.

Table 3/25.  Verbascum thapsus.

Heights of Plants measured in inches.

Column 1:  Number (Name) of Pot.

Column 2:  Crossed Plants.

Column 3:  Self-fertilised Plants of the Second Generation.

Pot 1 :  76 :  53 4/8.

Pot 2 :  54 :  66.

Pot 3 :  62 :  75. 
Pot 3 :  60 5/8 :  30 4/8.

Pot 4 :  73 :  62. 
Pot 4 :  66 4/8 :  52.

Total :  392.13 :  339.00.

We here see that two of the self-fertilised plants exceed in height their crossed opponents.  Nevertheless the average height of the six crossed plants is 65.34 inches, and that of the six self-fertilised plants 56.5 inches; or as 100 to 86.

Vandellia nummularifolia.

Seeds were sent to me by Mr. J. Scott from Calcutta of this small Indian weed, which bears perfect and cleistogene flowers. (3/10.  The convenient term of cleistogene was proposed by Kuhn in an article on the present genus in ‘Bot.  Zeitung’ 1867 page 65.) The latter are extremely small, imperfectly developed, and never expand, yet yield plenty of seeds.  The perfect and open flowers are also small, of a white colour with purple marks; they generally produce seed, although the contrary has been asserted; and they do so even if protected from insects.  They have a rather complicated structure, and appear to be adapted for cross-fertilisation, but were not carefully examined by me.  They are not easy to fertilise artificially, and it is possible that some of the flowers which I thought that I had succeeded in crossing were afterwards spontaneously self-fertilised under the net.  Sixteen capsules from the crossed perfect flowers contained on an average ninety-three seeds (with a maximum in one capsule of 137), and thirteen capsules from the self-fertilised perfect flowers contained sixty-two seeds (with a maximum in one capsule