In 1826, Mr. Allan Cunningham, Botanical Collector to his late Majesty, traversed a considerable portion of the interior to the north of Bathurst, and, with a laudable zeal, devoted his labours to the acquisition of general information, as well as to his more immediate professional pursuits.  In 1827, this gentleman again bent his steps towards the northward, and succeeded in gaining the 28th parallel of latitude; and, on a subsequent occasion, having taken his departure from Moreton Bay, he connected his former journey with that settlement, and thus contributed largely to our knowledge of the mountain country between it and the capital.  Mr. Cunningham, who, independently of his individual excursions, had not only circumnavigated the Australian Continent with Capt.  King, but had formed also one of the party with Mr. Oxley, in the journeys before noticed, had adopted this gentleman’s opinion with regard to the swampy and inhospitable character of the distant interior.  Its depressed appearance from the high ground on which Mr. Cunningham subsequently moved, tended to confirm this opinion, which was moreover daily gaining strength from the reports of the natives, who became more frequent in their intercourse with the whites, and who reported that there were large waters to the westward, on which the natives had canoes, and in which there were fish of great size.

It became, therefore, a current opinion, that the western interior of New Holland comprehended an extensive basin, of which the ocean of reeds which had proved so formidable to Mr. Oxley, formed most probably the outskirts; and it was generally thought that an expedition proceeding into the interior, would encounter marshes of vast extent, which would be extremely difficult to turn, and no less dangerous to enter.

It remained to be proved, however, whether these conjectures were founded in fact.  The chief difficulty lay in the character of the country, and in providing the necessary means to ensure success.  Those which were resorted to will be found in the succeeding chapter.  Whether they would have been found sufficient and applicable had the interior been wholly under water, is doubtful; and my impression on this point induced me to make more efficient arrangements on the second expedition.

Expedition down the banks of the Macquarie river in 1828 and 1829.

CHAPTER I.

State of the Colony in 1828-29—­Objects of the Expedition—­Departure from Sydney—­Wellington Valley—­Progress down the Macquarie—­Arrival at Mount Harris—­Stopped by the marshes—­Encamp amidst reeds—­Excursions down the river—­Its termination—­ Appearance of the marshes—­Opthalmic affection of the men—­Mr. Hume’s successful journey to the northward—­ Journey across the plain—­Second great marsh—­Perplexities—­Situation of the exploring party—­Consequent resolutions.