The unity of sentiment and aim which was thus expressed had, however, been steadily growing throughout the period of European rivalry; and doubtless in the colonies, as in Britain, the new value attached to the imperial tie was due in a large degree to the very fact of the eagerness of the other European powers for extra-European possessions.  Imperialist sentiment began to become a factor in British politics just about the beginning of this period:  in 1878 the Imperial Federation Society was founded, and about the same time Disraeli, who had once spoken of the colonies as ‘millstones around our necks,’ was making himself the mouthpiece of the new imperialist spirit.  To this wave of feeling a very notable contribution was made by Sir John Seeley’s brilliant book, “The Expansion of England.”  Slight as it was, and containing no facts not already familiar, it gave a new perspective to the events of the last four centuries of British history, and made the growth of the Empire seem something not merely casual and incidental, but a vital and most significant part of the British achievement.  Its defect was, perhaps, that it concentrated attention too exclusively upon the external aspects of the wonderful story, and dwelt too little upon its inner spirit, upon the force and influence of the instinct of self-government which has been the most potent factor in British history.  The powerful impression which it created was deepened by other books, like Froude’s “Oceana” and Sir Charles Dilke’s “Greater Britain,” the title of which alone was a proclamation and a prophecy.  It was strengthened also by the wonderful imperial pageants, like nothing else ever witnessed in the world, which began with the two Jubilee celebrations of 1887 and 1897, and were continued in the funerals of Queen Victoria and Edward VII., the coronations of Edward VII. and George V., and the superb Durbars of Delhi.  The imaginative appeal of such solemn representations of a world-scattered fellowship of peoples and nations and tongues must not be underestimated.  At first there was perhaps a suggestion of blatancy, and of mere pride in dominion, in the way in which these celebrations were received; the graver note of Kipling’s ‘Recessional,’ inspired by the Jubilee of 1897, was not unneeded.  But after the strain and anxiety of the South African War, a different temper visibly emerged.

More important than the pageants were the conferences of imperial statesmen which arose out of them.  The prime ministers of the great colonies began to deliberate in common with the statesmen of Britain; and the discussions, though at first quite informal and devoid of authority, have become more intimate and vital as time has passed:  a beginning at least has been made in the common discussion of problems affecting the Empire as a whole.  And alongside of, and in consequence of, all this, imperial questions have been treated with a new seriousness in the British parliament, and the offices which deal with them have