and went back to the East to finish his preparations.  In the winter of 1871-72 Congress made an additional appropriation for this expedition.  The supervision was vested in that noble character, Joseph Henry, then Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.  Professor Henry was entirely favourable and sympathetic, and his approval was of the highest value.  He secured some instruments for the work and lent his aid in every possible manner.  A privilege of drawing rations at the Western army posts was also again granted, and this saved a great deal of expense.

Through a friend who was an old army acquaintance of Powell’s I secured an interview in Chicago, whither I went for the purpose.  Its character was a good illustration of the explorer’s quick decision.  As I advanced towards him he rose to his feet, surveyed me with a lightning glance, and said heartily, “Well, Fred, you’ll do.”  These words constituted me a member of his party, and I began my preparations forthwith.  Dozens of men applied to join the expedition, but no more were taken, the party being now full.

The boats for this trip were modelled on those used on the former descent, with such changes and improvements as experience had suggested.  They were honestly and thoroughly constructed by a builder named Bagley, who had a yard where he turned out small craft, at the north end of the old Clark Street bridge, and we often felt a sense of gratitude to him for doing his work so well.  They were three in number, of well-seasoned, clear-grained, half-inch oak, smooth-built, double-ribbed fore and aft, square-sterned, and all practically the same, the former trip having shown the needlessness of taking any smaller or frailer boat for piloting purposes.  These were each twenty-two feet long over all, and about twenty on the keel.  They were rather narrow for their length, but quite deep for boats of their size, drawing, if I remember correctly, when fully laden, some fourteen or sixteen inches of water.  This depth made it possible to carry a heavy load, which was necessary, and at the same time which acted as ballast to keep them right side up amidst the counter-currents and tumbling waters.  A rudder being entirely out of place in the kind of navigation found in the canyons, a heavy rowlock was placed at the stern to hold a strong, eighteen-foot steering oar.  The boats were entirely decked over on a level with the gunwales, excepting two open spaces left for the rowers.  These open spaces, or standing-rooms, were separated from the decked portions by bulkheads, thus forming under the decks three water-tight compartments or cabins, that would not only protect the cargoes and prevent loss in the event of capsize, but would also serve to keep the boats afloat when loaded and full of water in the open parts.  The rowlocks were of iron, of the pattern that comes close together at the top, so that an oar must either be slipped through from the handle end or drawn up toward the thin part above the blade