was the absence of man and the domestic animals from the pictures, and the preponderance of rude, wild nature; and his first view of this country seems to have made the same impression.  But it is certainly true that the traveler through any of our older States will see ten houses, rural habitations, to one in England or Ireland, though, as a matter of course, nature here looks much less domesticated, and much less expressive of human occupancy and contact.  The Old World people have clung to the soil closer and more lovingly than we do.  The ground has been more precious.  They have had none to waste, and have made the most of every inch of it.  Wherever they have touched they have taken root and thriven as best they could.  Then the American is more cosmopolitan and less domestic.  He is not so local in his feelings and attachments.  He does not bestow himself upon the earth or upon his home as his ancestors did.  He feathers his nest very little.  Why should he?  He may migrate tomorrow and build another.  He is like the passenger pigeon that lays its eggs and rears its young upon a little platform of bare twigs.  Our poverty and nakedness is in this respect, I think, beyond dispute.  There is nothing nest-like about our homes, either in their interiors or exteriors.  Even wealth and taste and foreign aids rarely attain that cozy, mellowing atmosphere that pervades not only the lowly birthplaces but the halls and manor houses of older lands.  And what do our farms represent but so much real estate, so much cash value?

Only where man loves the soil, and nestles to it closely and long, will it take on this beneficent and human look which foreign travelers miss in our landscape; and only where homes are built with fondness and emotion, and in obedience to the social, paternal, and domestic instincts, will they hold the charm and radiate and be warm with the feeling I have described.

And, while I am upon the subject, I will add that European cities differ from ours in this same particular.  They have a homelier character,—­more the air of dwelling-places, the abodes of men drawn together for other purposes than traffic.  People actually live in them, and find life sweet and festal.  But what does our greatest city, New York, express besides commerce or politics, or what other reason has it for its existence?  This is, of course, in a measure the result of the modern worldly and practical business spirit which more and more animates all nations, and which led Carlyle to say of his own countrymen that they were becoming daily more “flat, stupid, and mammonish.”  Yet I am persuaded that in our case it is traceable also to the leanness and depletion of our social and convivial instincts, and to the fact that the material cares of life are more serious and engrossing with us than with any other people.