to them all, in turn, before I should have applied to one of my own countrymen on the coast, and should have expected to see it done, before my own countrymen had got half through counting the cost.  Their customs, and manner of treating one another, show a simple, primitive generosity which is truly delightful, and which is often a reproach to our own people.  Whatever one has they all have.  Money, food, clothes, they share with one another, even to the last piece of tobacco to put in their pipes.  I once heard old Mr. Bingham say, with the highest indignation, to a Yankee trader who was trying to persuade him to keep his money to himself, ``No! we no all ‘e same a’ you!—­ Suppose one got money, all got money.  You,—­ suppose one got money—­ lock him up in chest.—­ No good!’’—­ ``Kanaka all ‘e same a’ one!’’ This principle they carry so far that none of them will eat anything in sight of others without offering it all round.  I have seen one of them break a biscuit, which had been given him, into five parts, at a time when I knew he was on a very short allowance, as there was but little to eat on the beach.

My favorite among all of them, and one who was liked by both officers and men, and by whomever he had anything to do with, was Hope.  He was an intelligent, kind-hearted little fellow, and I never saw him angry, though I knew him for more than a year, and have seen him imposed upon by white people, and abused by insolent mates of vessels.  He was always civil, and always ready, and never forgot a benefit.  I once took care of him when he was ill, getting medicines from the ship’s chests, when no captain or officer would do anything for him, and he never forgot it.  Every Kanaka has one particular friend, whom he considers himself bound to do everything for, and with whom he has a sort of contract,—­ an alliance offensive and defensive,—­ and for whom he will often make the greatest sacrifices.  This friend they call aikane; and for such did Hope adopt me.  I do not believe I could have wanted anything which he had, that he would not have given me.  In return for this, I was his friend among the Americans, and used to teach him letters and numbers; for he left home before he had learned how to read.  He was very curious respecting Boston (as they called the United States), asking many questions about the houses, the people, &c., and always wished to have the pictures in books explained to him.  They were all astonishingly quick in catching at explanations, and many things which I had thought it utterly impossible to make them understand they often seized in an instant, and asked questions which showed that they knew enough to make them wish to go farther.  The pictures of steamboats and railroad cars, in the columns of some newspapers which I had, gave me great difficulty to explain.  The grading of the road, the rails, the construction of the carriages, they could easily understand, but the motion produced by steam was a little too refined for them.  I attempted to show