then water boiled upon it, so as to form a feeble imitation of coffee.  I found my education at Jonesville in the art of baking a hoe-cake now came in good play, both for myself and companions.  Taking one of the pieces of tin which had not yet been made into a pan, we spread upon it a layer of dough about a half-inch thick.  Propping this up nearly upright before the fire, it was soon nicely browned over.  This process made it sweat itself loose from the tin, when it was turned over and the bottom browned also.  Save that it was destitute of salt, it was quite a toothsome bit of nutriment for a hungry man, and I recommend my readers to try making a “pone” of this kind once, just to see what it was like.

The supreme indifference with which the Rebels always treated the matter of cooking utensils for us, excited my wonder.  It never seemed to occur to them that we could have any more need of vessels for our food than cattle or swine.  Never, during my whole prison life, did I see so much as a tin cup or a bucket issued to a prisoner.  Starving men were driven to all sorts of shifts for want of these.  Pantaloons or coats were pulled off and their sleeves or legs used to draw a mess’s meal in.  Boots were common vessels for carrying water, and when the feet of these gave way the legs were ingeniously closed up with pine pegs, so as to form rude leathern buckets.  Men whose pocket knives had escaped the search at the gates made very ingenious little tubs and buckets, and these devices enabled us to get along after a fashion.

After our meal was disposed of, we held a council on the situation.  Though we had been sadly disappointed in not being exchanged, it seemed that on the whole our condition had been bettered.  This first ration was a decided improvement on those of the Pemberton building; we had left the snow and ice behind at Richmond—­or rather at some place between Raleigh, N. C., and Columbia, S. C.—­and the air here, though chill, was not nipping, but bracing.  It looked as if we would have a plenty of wood for shelter and fuel, it was certainly better to have sixteen acres to roam over than the stiffing confines of a building; and, still better, it seemed as if there would be plenty of opportunities to get beyond the stockade, and attempt a journey through the woods to that blissful land —­“Our lines.”

We settled down to make the best of things.  A Rebel Sergeant came in presently and arranged us in hundreds.  We subdivided these into messes of twenty-five, and began devising means for shelter.  Nothing showed the inborn capacity of the Northern soldier to take care of himself better than the way in which we accomplished this with the rude materials at our command.  No ax, spade nor mattock was allowed us by the Rebels, who treated us in regard to these the same as in respect to culinary vessels.  The only tools were a few pocket-knives, and perhaps half-a-dozen hatchets which some infantrymen-principally members of the Third Michigan—­were allowed to retain.  Yet, despite all these drawbacks, we had quite a village of huts erected in a few days,—­nearly enough, in fact, to afford tolerable shelter for the whole five hundred of us first-comers.