Is the capital invested in manufactories large or small?

Mention the principal seats of this manufacture in England; and if it flourishes abroad, the places where it is established.

The duty, excise. or bounty, if any, should be stated, and any alterations in past years; and also the amount exported or imported for a series of years.

Whether the same article, but of superior, equal, or inferior make, is imported?

Does the manufacturer export, or sell, to a middleman, who supplies the merchant?

To what countries is it chiefly sent? and in what goods are the returns made?

161.  Each process requires a separate skeleton, and the following outline will be sufficient for many different manufactories: 

Process ( ) Manufacture ( )
Place ( ) Name ( )
date 183

The mode of executing it, with sketches of the tools or machine if necessary.

The number of persons necessary to attend the machine.  Are the operatives men. ( ) women, ( ) or children? ( ) If mixed, what are the proportions?

What is the pay of each? (s. d.) (s. d. ) (s. d.) per ( )

What number ( ) of hours do they work per day?

Is it usual, or necessary, to work night and day without stopping?  Is the labour performed by piece—­or by day-work?

Who provide tools?  Master, or men?  Who repair tools?  Master, or men?  What degree of skill is required, and how many years’ ( ) apprenticeship?

The number of times ( ) the operation is repeated per day or per hour?

The number of failures ( ) in a thousand?

Whether the workmen or the master loses by the broken or damaged articles?

What is done with them?

If the same process is repeated several times, state the diminution or increase of measure, and the loss, if any, at each repetition.

162.  In this skeleton, the answers to the questions are in some cases printed, as “Who repair the tools?—­Masters, Men”; in order that the proper answer may be underlined with a pencil.  In filling up the answers which require numbers, some care should be taken:  for instance, if the observer stands with his watch in his hand before a person heading a pin, the workman will almost certainly increase his speed, and the estimate will be too large.  A much better average will result from enquiring what quantity is considered a fair day’s work.  When this cannot be ascertained, the number of operations performed in a given time may frequently be counted when the workman is quite unconscious that any person is observing him.  Thus the sound made by the motion of a loom may enable the observer to count the number of strokes per minute, even though he is outside the building in which it is contained.  M. Coulomb, who had great experience in making such observations, cautions those who may repeat his experiments against being deceived by such circumstances:  ‘Je