The South Pole; an account of the Norwegian Antarctic expedition in the "Fram," 1910-12 — Volume 1 and Volume 2 eBook

This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 790 pages of information about The South Pole; an account of the Norwegian Antarctic expedition in the "Fram," 1910-12 — Volume 1 and Volume 2.

The South Pole; an account of the Norwegian Antarctic expedition in the "Fram," 1910-12 — Volume 1 and Volume 2 eBook

This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 790 pages of information about The South Pole; an account of the Norwegian Antarctic expedition in the "Fram," 1910-12 — Volume 1 and Volume 2.
Twelve ordinary standard (psychrometer-) thermometers, divided to fifths of a degree (Centigrade).  Ten ordinary standard thermometers, divided to degrees.  Four sling thermometers, divided to half degrees.  Three maximum thermometers, divided to degrees.  One normal thermometer by Mollenkopf, No. 25.

Toluene thermometers: 

Eighteen sling thermometers, divided to degrees.  Three normal thermometers-by Tounelot, No. 4,993, and Baudin, Nos. 14,803 and 14,804.  Two torsion hair hygrometers of Russeltvedt’s construction, Nos. 12 and 14.  One cup and cross anemometer of Professor Mohn’s construction, with spare cross.  One complete set of precipitation gauges, with Nipher’s shield, gauges for snow density, etc.

Registering instruments: 

Two barographs.  Two thermographs.  One hair hygrograph.  A number of spare parts, and a supply of paper and ink for seven years.

In addition, various books were taken, such as Mohn’s “Meteorology,” the Meteorological Institute’s “Guide,” psychrometric tables, Wiebe’s steam-pressure tables for hypsometer observations, etc.

The marine barometer, the large aneroid, and one of the barographs, the four mercury sling thermometers, and two whole-degree standard thermometers, were kept on board the Fram, where they were used for the regular observations every four hours on the vessel’s long voyages backwards and forwards.

As will be seen, the shore party was thus left without mercury sling thermometers, besides having no minimum thermometers; the three maximum thermometers proved to be of little use.  There were also various defects in the clockwork of the registering instruments.  The barographs and thermographs have been used on all the Norwegian Polar expeditions; the hygrograph is also an old instrument, which, in the course of its career, has worked for over ten years in Christiania, where the atmosphere is by no means merciful to delicate instruments.  Its clockwork had not been cleaned before it was sent to the Fram, as was done in the case of the other four instruments.  The barographs worked irreproachably the whole time, but one of the thermographs refused absolutely to work in the open air, and unfortunately the spindle pivot of the other broke as early as April 17.  At first the clockwork of the hygrograph would not go at all, as the oil had become thick, and it was not until this had been removed by prolonged severe heating (baking in the oven for several days) that it could be set going; but then it had to be used for the thermograph, the mechanism of which was broken, so that no registration was obtained of the humidity of the air.

The resulting registrations are then as follows:  from Framheim, one set of barograms and two sets of thermograms, of which one gives the temperature of the air and the other the temperature inside the house, where the barometers and barograph were placed; from the Fram we have barograms for the whole period from her leaving Christiania, in 1910, to her arrival at Buenos Aires for the third time, in 1912.

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The South Pole; an account of the Norwegian Antarctic expedition in the "Fram," 1910-12 — Volume 1 and Volume 2 from Project Gutenberg. Public domain.