became the Chief Secretary, and later Commissioner of Public Works.  He was an excellent worker on committees, and was full of ideas and suggestions.  Although not a good speaker, he rejoiced in my standing on platform or in pulpit.  He was nearly as democratic as I was; and when he invented the phrase “effective voting” it was from the sense that true democracy demanded not merely a chance, but a certainty, that the vote given at the poll should be effective for some one.  My brother David inherited all the Conservatism of the Brodies for generations back.  Greatly interested in all abtruse problems and abstract questions he had various schemes for the regeneration of mankind.  Two opposing theories concerning the working of bi-cameral Legislatures supplied me with material for a Review article.  One theory was intensely Conservative, and emanated from my brother David, who was a poor man.  The other was held by the richest man of my acquaintance, and was distinctly Liberal.  My brother argued that the Upper House should have the power to tax its own constituents, and was utterly opposed to any extension of the franchise.  My rich friend objected to the limited franchise, and desired to have the State proclaimed one electorate with proportional representation as a safeguard against unwise legislation and as a means to assist reforms.  The great blot, he considered, on Australian Constitutions was the representation by districts, especially for the House that controlled the public purse.  If districts were to be tolerated at all, they should be represented by men who had a longer tenure of office than our Assembly’s three years, and who did not have so often to ask for votes, which frequently depended on a railway or a jetty or a Rabbit Bill.  So long as a Government depends for its existence on the support of local representatives it is tempted to spend public money to gratify them.  Both men were Freetraders, and both believed strongly in the justice of land values taxation.

My friend the late Professor Pearson had entered into active political life in Melbourne, and was a regular writer for The Age.  Perhaps no other man underwent more obloquy from his old friends for taking the side of Graham Berry, especially as he was a Freetrader, and the popular party was Protectionist.  He justified his action by saying that a mistake in the fiscal policy of a country should not prevent a real Democrat from siding with the party which opposed monopoly, especially in land.  He saw in “LATIFUNDIA”—­huge estates—­the ruin of the Roman Empire, and its prevalence in the United Kingdom was the greatest danger ahead of it.  In these young countries the tendency to build up large holdings was naturally fostered by what was the earliest of our industries.  Sheepfarming is not greatly pursued in the United States or Canada, because of the rigorous winter—­but Australia is the favourite home of the merino sheep.  Originally there was no need to buy land, or even