not specialists in the topography of Huronia it may suffice that Champlain left Matchedash Bay not far from Penetanguishene, and thence went to Carmaron at the very north of the peninsula.  Returning, he passed through some of the largest of the Huron villages, and after sixteen days came out at Cahaigue, which was situated close to Lake Simcoe and almost on the site of the modern Hawkestone.  It was here that most of the Huron warriors assembled for the great expedition against the Onondagas.  Setting out on their march, they first went a little to the northward, where they were joined on the shores of Lake Couchiching by another contingent.  The party thus finally made up, Champlain’s line of advance first took him to Sturgeon Lake.  Afterwards it pursued that important waterway which is represented by the Otonabee river, Rice Lake, and the river Trent.  Hence the warriors entered Lake Ontario by the Bay of Quinte.

This country between Lake Simcoe and the Bay of Quinte seems to have pleased Champlain greatly.  He saw it in September, when the temperature was agreeable and when the vegetation of the forest could be enjoyed without the torment inflicted by mosquitoes.  ‘It is certain,’ he says, ’that all this region is very fine and pleasant.  Along the banks it seems as if the trees had been set out for ornament in most places, and that all these tracts were in former times inhabited by savages who were subsequently compelled to abandon them from fear of their enemies.  Vines and nut trees are here very numerous.  Grapes mature, yet there is always a very pungent tartness, which is felt remaining in the throat when one eats them in large quantities, arising from defect of cultivation.  These localities are very pleasant when cleared up.’

From the Bay of Quinte the war-party skirted the east shore of Lake Ontario, crossing the head of the St Lawrence, and thence following the southern shore about fourteen leagues.  At this point the Indians concealed all their canoes and struck into the woods towards Lake Oneida.  Though made up chiefly of Hurons, the little army embraced various allies, including a band of Algonquins.  Whether from over-confidence at having Champlain among them or from their natural lack of discipline, the allies managed their attack very badly.  On a pond a few miles south of Oneida Lake lay the objective point of the expedition—­a palisaded stronghold of the Onondagas.  At a short distance from this fort eleven of the enemy were surprised and taken prisoners.  What followed was much less fortunate.  Champlain does not state the number of Frenchmen present, but as his drawing shows eleven musketeers, we may infer that his own followers were distinctly more numerous than at the battle on Lake Champlain.

The height of the palisade was thirty feet, and a system of gutters supplied abundant water for use in extinguishing fire.  Champlain’s plan of attack was to employ a cavalier, or protected scaffolding, which should overtop the palisade and could be brought close against it.  From the top of this framework four or five musketeers were to deliver a fusillade against the Iroquois within the fort, while the Hurons kindled a fire at the foot of the palisade.  Champlain’s drawing shows the rest of the musketeers engaged in creating a diversion at other points.