to the Romans, has Puritanism found what seemed to
furnish it with the one thing needful, and to give
it canons of truth absolute and final. Now all
writings, as has been already said, even the most
precious writings and the most fruitful, must inevitably,
from the very nature of things, be but contributions
to human thought and human development, which extend
wider than they do. Indeed, St. Paul, in the
very Epistle of which we are speaking, shows, when
he asks, “Who hath known the mind of the Lord?"+—who
hath known, that is, the true and divine order of things
in its entirety,—that he himself acknowledges
this fully. And we have already pointed out
in another Epistle of St. Paul a great and vital idea
of the human spirit,—the idea of the immortality
of the soul,—transcending and overlapping,
so to speak, the expositor’s power to give it
adequate definition and expression. But quite
distinct from the question [178] whether St. Paul’s
expression, or any man’s expression, can be
a perfect and final expression of truth, comes the
question whether we rightly seize and understand his
expression as it exists. Now, perfectly to seize
another man’s meaning, as it stood in his own
mind, is not easy; especially when the man is separated
from us by such differences of race, training, time,
and circumstances as St. Paul. But there are
degrees of nearness in getting at a man’s meaning;
and though we cannot arrive quite at what St. Paul
had in his mind, yet we may come near it. And
who, that comes thus near it, must not feel how terms
which St. Paul employs in trying to follow, with his
analysis of such profound power and originality, some
of the most delicate, intricate, obscure, and contradictory
workings and states of the human spirit, are detached
and employed by Puritanism, not in the connected and
fluid way in which St. Paul employs them, and for
which alone words are really meant, but in an isolated,
fixed, mechanical way, as if they were talismans;
and how all trace and sense of St. Paul’s true
movement of ideas, and sustained masterly analysis,
is thus lost? Who, I say, that has watched Puritanism,—the
force which [179] so strongly Hebraises, which so
takes St. Paul’s writings as something absolute
and final, containing the one thing needful,—handle
such terms as grace, faith, election, righteousness,
but must feel, not only that these terms have for
the mind of Puritanism a sense false and misleading,
but also that this sense is the most monstrous and
grotesque caricature of the sense of St. Paul, and
that his true meaning is by these worshippers of his
words altogether lost?