“common-house” on shore.  Her ordnance doubtless comprised several heavy guns (as such were then reckoned), mounted on the spar-deck amid ships, with lighter guns astern and on. the rail, and a piece of longer range and larger calibre upon the forecastle.  Such was the general disposal of ordnance upon merchant vessels of her size in that day, when an armament was a ‘sine qua non’.  Governor Winslow in his “Hypocrisie Unmasked,” 1646 (p. 91), says, in writing of the departure of the Pilgrims from Delfshaven, upon the Speedwell:  “The wind being fair we gave them a volley of small shot and three pieces of ordnance,” by which it seems that the Speedwell, of only sixty tons, mounted at least “three pieces of ordnance” as, from the form of expression, there seem to have been “three pieces,” rather than three discharges of the same piece.

The inference is warranted that the may-Flower, being three times as large, would carry a considerably heavier and proportionate armament.  The lady ARBELLA, Winthrop’s ship, a vessel of 350 tons, carried “twenty-eight pieces of ordnance;” but as “Admiral” of the fleet, at a time when there was a state of war with others, and much piracy, she would presumably mount more than a proportionate weight of metal, especially as she convoyed smaller and lightly armed vessels, and carried much value.  There is no reason to suppose that the may-Flower, in her excessively crowded condition, mounted more than eight or ten guns, and these chiefly of small calibre.  Her boats included her “long-boat,” with which the experience of her company in “Cape Cod harbor” have made us familiar, and perhaps other smaller boats,—­besides the Master’s “skiff” or “gig,” of whose existence and necessity there are numerous proofs.  “Monday the 27,” Bradford and Winslow state, “it proved rough weather and cross winds, so as we were constrained, some in the shallop and others in the long-boat,” etc.  Bradford states, in regard to the repeated springings-a-leak of the Speedwell:  “So the Master of the bigger ship, called Master Jones, being consulted with;” and again, “The Master of the small ship complained his ship was so leaky . . . so they [Masters Jones and Reynolds] came to consultation, again,” etc.  It is evident that Jones was obliged to visit the Speedwell to inspect her and to consult with the leaders, who were aboard her.  For this purpose, as for others, a smaller boat than the “long-boat” would often serve, while the number of passengers and crew aboard would seem to demand still other boats.  Winthrop notices that their Captain (Melborne) frequently “had his skiff heaved out,” in the course of their voyage.  The Master’s small boat, called the “skiff” or “gig,” was, no doubt, stowed (lashed) in the waist of the ship, while the “long-boat” was probably lashed on deck forward, being hoisted out and in, as the practice of those days was, by “whips,”