Vinegar in hogsheads was named on the food-list of every ship of the Pilgrim era.  It was one of their best antiscorbutics, and was of course a prime factor in their use of “sour krout,” pickling, etc.  The fruits, natural, dried, and preserved, were probably, in that day, in rather small supply.  Apples, limes, lemons, prunes, olives, rice, etc., were among the luxuries of a voyage, while dried or preserved fruits and small fruits were not yet in common use.  Winslow, in the letter cited, urges that “your casks for beer . . . be iron bound, at least for the first [end] tyre” [hoop].  Cushman states that they had ample supplies of beer offered them both in Kent and Amsterdam.  The planters’ supply seems to have failed, however, soon after the company landed, and they were obliged to rely upon the whim of the Captain of the may-Flower for their needs, the ship’s supply being apparently separate from that of the planters, and lasting longer.  Winthrop’s supply seems to have been large ("42 tons”—­probably tuns intended).  It was evidently a stipulation of the charter-party that the ship should, in part at least, provision her crew for the voyage,—­certainly furnish their beer.  This is rendered certain by Bradford’s difficulty (as stated by himself) with Captain Jones, previously referred to, showing that the ship had her own supply of beer, separate from that of the colonists, and that it was intended for the seamen as well as the officers.

Bradford mentions “aqua vitae” as a constituent of their lunch on the exploring party of November 15.  “Strong waters” (or Holland gin) are mentioned as a part of the entertainment given Massasoit on his first visit, and they find frequent mention otherwise.  Wine finds no mention.  Bradford states in terms:  “Neither ever had they any supply of foode from them [the Adventurers] but what they first brought with them;” and again, “They never had any supply of vitales more afterwards (but what the Lord gave them otherwise), for all ye company [the Adventurers] sent at any time was allways too short for those people yt came with it.”

The clothing supplies of the Pilgrims included hats, caps, shirts, neck-cloths, jerkins, doublets, waistcoats, breeches (stuff and leather), “hosen,” stockings, shoes, boots, belts (girdles), cloth, piece-goods (dress-stuff’s), “haberdasherie,” etc., etc., all of which, with minor items for men’s and women’s use, find mention in their early narratives, accounts, and correspondence.  By the will of Mr. Mullens it appears that he had twenty-one dozen of shoes and thirteen pairs of boots on board, doubtless intended as medium of exchange or barter.  By the terms of the. contract with the colonists, the Merchant Adventurers were to supply all their actual necessities of Clothing food, clothing, etc., for the full term of seven years, during which the labors of the “planters” were to be for the joint account.  Whether under this